ANNUAL REPORT, 1945-46 37 



Supplements to the Standard Schedule. On unsprayed trees the severe attack 

 of all insect pests and the unusual severity of scab caused what fruit survived 

 the early freeze and subsequent hail to drop by early August. Practically all of 

 this was infested by scab, curculio, and codling moth. 



In the plots receiving the standard schedule, there was 7.3 percent damage 

 from curculio, 10.5 percent from codling moth, and 35 percent from scab. Only 

 48 percent of the fruit in this plot was free from disease or insect blemishes. 



In the plot where the "emergency A" spray was interposed between the 2d 

 and 3d cover sprays, there was 82 percent clean fruit, 3 percent showing curculio 

 injury, 1 percent showing codling moth injury, and 13.6 percent marked by scab. 



The record, of apples from the plot in which the standard schedule was supple- 

 mented by the "emergency A" spray and a late application of fixed nicotine 

 spray at mid-August showed 84.4 percent clean fruit free from all blemishes, 

 less than 1 percent codling moth damage, and slightly less scab. 



The reduction of codling moth injury following the "emergency A" spray was 

 especially significant (from 10.5 to 1 percent), and indicated the importance of 

 this application. The record also indicated that its timing coincided very ac- 

 curately with the seasonal development of the insect. 



In a separate block of Mcintosh, different dosages of DDT were employed, 

 in five applications (May 15 to July 25) following the calyx spray. The standard 

 schedule was followed up to and including the calyx spray; and part of the block 

 received the full standard schedule throughout the season to serve as a basis for 

 comparison. In the standard schedule, lead arsenate was used in combina- 

 tion with wettable sulfur and lime. The DDT was also combined with wettable 

 sulfur but without the addition of excess lime. 



DDT (AK-40) at dosage of 1 pound and 2 pounds per 100 gallons of spray did 

 not control curculio as well as did a combination of lead arsenate 2 pounds and 

 DDT 14 pound, even with the addition of a fish oil sticker in the 1st cover spray. 

 Codling moth was well checked in all DDT plots (0 to 1.5 percent injury for the 

 higher dosages, and 2 injured apples out of 32 in the DDT plus lead arsenate 

 plot). Scab was well controlled in all plots, indicating that the presence of DDT 

 did not interfere with the efficiency of wettable sulfur. There was very slight 

 evidence of damage by miscellaneous minor insect pests, and no trace of damage 

 by apple maggot in the fruit of any of the sprayed plots. 



Abbreviated Schedule. With a serious cut in the crop resulting from the killing 

 of the blossoms by frost and subsequent cold weather, many growers were con- 

 templating the use of an abbreviated spray schedule to give moderate protec- 

 tion from insect pests and particularly from apple scab of such fruit as survived, 

 and looking forward to maintaining the trees in good condition for the following 

 season. 



One section of the orchard was given a limited post-blossom schedule or a 

 special sulfur dust and a sulfur spray combination for scab control, a special 

 cover spray of sulfur and lead arsenate in early June, and the first apple maggot 

 spray on July 12. 



Following the standard schedule, records showed 87 percent clean fruit, 5.8 

 percent injury b}- curculio, 2.5 percent by codling moth, 0.8 percent by scab, and 

 2.9 percent by miscellaneous minor pests. Following the abbreviated schedule, 

 there was 71 percent clean apples, 2 percent damage by curculio, 5 percent by 

 codling moth, 2 percent by scab, and 2.4 percent by minor pests. There was only 

 a trace of apple maggot damage in the entire orchard. 



Codling moth, scab, and apple maggot were well checked by a modified sched- 

 ule and the foliage was maintained in good condition. Curculio damage was 

 high following the abbreviated schedule, since no special application was made 



I 



