14 



MASS. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 440 



ether extract were generally found on the shady side of apples than on the sunny 

 side. 



Chibnall et al. (1931), in a study of the wax constituents of the apple cuticle, 

 identified nonacosane, heptacosane, d-10-nonacosanoI, hexacosanol, octacosanol 

 and triacontanol. Hulme (1937) determined the wax content of apples during 

 different stages of storage and found that the fraction soluble in cold alcohol and 

 the ether-soluble fraction increased during storage from 139.4 milligrams per 

 100 grams of fresh tissue to 175.5 milligrams. The fraction insoluble in alcohol 

 but soluble in ether increased from 14.5 to 36.1 milligrams per 100 grams of fresh 

 tissue. 



Vitamins^ 



Apples have been found to contain at least small amounts of most of the known 

 vitamins. The average vitamin values based on available information are sum- 

 marized in Table 8. These data are only approximate because the vitamin con- 

 tent is subject to considerable variation depending upon the variety and other 

 factors which will be discussed later. 



Table 8. — Average Vitamin Content of Apples per 100 Grams 

 Edible Portion 



Vitamin A 50-100 International Units. 



B Vitamins 



Thiamin .096 milligrams 



Riboflavin .05 milligrams 



Nicotinic Acid .— '. .50 milligrams 



Pantothenic Acid .— .030 milligrams 



Pyridoxin .026 milligrams 



Biotin..._ .0009 milligrams 



Inositol 24.0 milligrams 



Folic Acid .008 milligrams 



Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) 1.0-20.0* milligrams 



Vitamin D none 



* Varies greatly with variety and storage conditions. .'Vn average value for common 

 varieties may be taken as 2.0 to 5.0 milligrams. 



8 The recommended daily allowance for the vitamins considered here is as follows*: 



Men 5,000 



Women 5,000 



Pregnant 6,000 



Lactating 8,000 



Children (depending on age) 1,500-6,000 



*U. S. National Research Council, 1945. 



0.4-1.8 0.6 2.5 



4-18 



30-100 



