THE PUPA 



The worms pupate in the Htter under the vines. The pupa is pale greenish 

 at first but becomes dark brown as the moth develops. It is about a third of 

 an inch long. This stage lasts about ten days. 



THE MOTH 



The moths emerge irregularly from late June till early August, the males 

 tending to appear first. The male (Plate Three, fig. 2) is pale yellowish. Its 

 head bears long pectinate feelers. Its wings expand a Httle over an inch. 



The female (Plate Three, fig. 1 ) is sulfur yellow and expands about seven- 

 eighths of an inch. Its wings have noticeable brown spots which vary, but com- 

 monly are arranged as follows: The upper surface of each front wing with 

 three against the front margin, one against the hind margin, one in front of 

 the center, and five to seven small ones along the outer border; the under 

 side of the front wing with one in front of the center, some small ones along 

 the outer border, and a streak toward the outer end and parallel with the 

 outer border; the upper side of each hind wing with a spot in front of the 

 center, another against the hind margin, and several toward and on the outer 

 border; the under side of the hind wing with one near the center and often 

 a series running parallel with the outer border. All the wings have brown 

 sprinklings on the under side, and the outer borders on fresh specimens have 

 brown fringes. The moths brush off many of their scales, often losing their 

 markings and even their yellow color. The feelers on the head are threadlike. 



The males are more active than the females, but they rest much among the 

 vines, flying less than the males of the brown spanworm. They are flushed up 

 easily and sometimes rise in clouds from a badly infested area. The period 

 of activity of the moths coincides with that of the brown spanworm caterpillars, 

 and when both species abound on the same area, they often are confused in the 

 minds of growers. 



Treatment 



Reflooding for ten hours and spraying with 6 pounds of dry lead arsenate in 

 100 gallons of water, 300 gallons to the acre, are both very effective. Three 

 treatments, about May 30, June 12, and June 25, may be necessary because of the 

 long hatching period. The first, especially if flooding is done, often will check 

 other pests also, especially the gypsy moth, the black-headed fireworm, the false 

 armyworm, and the blossom worm. If the infestation is only mildly serious, two 

 treatments, about June 5 and June 25, will suflice. 



Regular resanding tends to keep this pest out, for the sand covers many of the 

 eggs so that the worms fail to emerge. 



Brown Cranberry Spanworm ^^ 



This insect attacks some Massachusetts bog severely almost every year. It broke 

 out on so many in 1919 and 1920 that it was one of the most important cranberry 

 pests. It does more harm than all the other bog spanworms together. 



Distribution and Food Plants 



This insect inhabits Nova Scotia, the New England States, New York, Michigan, 



Wisconsin, Colorado, Alberta, and Alaska. Its known food plants beside cranberry 



are: chokeberry, steeple bush, trailing bramble, black huckleberry, swamp blueberry, 



sheep laurel, leather leaf, sweet pepperbush, white swamp honeysuckle, bearberry, 



^ Ematurga amitaria (Gn.). Also known in cranberry literature as Epelis triincataria 

 var. faxonii. 



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