50 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



Jan. 



waste, and horses eat it better, and have more time 

 to rest, which is quite an important consideration, 

 where the horse is liable to be taken from the sta- 

 ble at any moment. I am satisfied there is no bet- 

 ter way of feeding horses, nor is there any cheaper 

 one — that I have ever tried — than the one here 

 mentioned. If there is, will not some person who 

 knows please report ? I always cut them quite fine, 

 before using. Carrots are most excellent for horses 

 whose wind is any way affected — such as the heaves, 

 &c. Those who have tried them for this purpose, 

 will, I think, agree with me in this; if not, just try 

 the experiment and be satisfied. They are usually 

 cheap, compared with other articles of feed of equal 

 nutritiousness. Last year I paid nine dollars per 

 ton, this year eleven, and at the latter price I pre- 

 fer them to oats — measure for measure. 



Patent Office report : "A bushel of carrots, well 

 cut up by a proper root-cutter, is as good as a bush- 

 el of oats for a working horse. I have tried the ex- 



birds, mice or squirrels, it is best to plant them in 

 the fall, as that is the time designed by nature ; 

 and a moist, shady place is much the best, especial- 

 ly if they are to be transplanted. The arbor \itce, 

 white cedar, larch, spruce and hemlock will seldom 

 vegetate unless they are sown in wet and shady 

 places. 



All seed trees need but a thin covering of earth, 

 if the m-ound is moist ; but if the ground is drj-, 

 there should be allowance made and the seed cov- 

 ered a little deeper as the ground is drier. One of 

 the best rules than can be given is to follow Nature 

 as near as possible, in the time and manner of plant- 

 ing and also in the selection of lands. All the light- 

 er kinds of seeds, that are scattered by the wind, 

 need but very slight covering, and generally succeed 

 without anything more than the rains will do. 



It is a very good jjlan, — and is the practice in the 

 old countries — to sow several kinds together, as the 

 oak and pine, or the pine and white birch, as they 



periment (so have I, Mr. Editor,) fully, and satisfac- j protect each other, and one may come up if the oth- 

 torily. I have fed twelve quarts of sliced carrots . er fails. 



instead of twelve quarts of oats, to a horse, the ] The red cedar, mountain ash and the thorn ripen 

 whole winter, and found no difference in the results, their seeds in the autumn, and require two years to 

 I gave hay with the carrots as we do with the oats." | vegetate — they should be gathered and kept in 

 It is calculated that 27G pounds of carrots, are some shady place mider ground one year previous 

 equal to 100 pounds of good hay, and that 52 to plantin. 



Eounds of meal or corn is equal to 100 pounds of 

 av. From these estimates — and I will venture to 



All the oaks, nut-bearing trees, maples, bass, &c., 

 require warm moist soil, while the evergreens. 



say, they will be found pretty nearly correct — any [white birch, &c., will generally succeed on the 

 person, so dis])osed, can easily satisfy himself, wheth-[ lightest soil. The white pine probably adapts it- 

 er my method of feeding horses during the winter self to all kinds of land better than any other tree, 

 months is not as cheap as any. Where horses are , growing equally well from the quagmire of our 

 worked and kept in good condition at the same swamps to the top of the highest hills, 

 time, if not the best— that is generally the best If the trees are to be transplanted from the for- 

 which does its work </ie tesi and cheapest. est, care should be t;iken to select good, strong. 



East JVey mouth, JVov., 1855. N. Q. T. [growing young trees from places where they have 



not been too much shaded — should be taken up 

 ' j carefully and set out as soon afterwards as possible. 



They may be set at first from 3 to 6 feet apart, and 

 the "trees may be of any size from 1 to 12 feet high 

 or more, according to the taste, andcare should be 

 taken not to have them set much deeper in the 

 ground than they formerly grew in the woods. 

 A growth of wood could probably be obtained in 



CULTIVATION AND PRESERVATION 

 OF FORESTS. 



BY B. F. CUTTER, ESQ. 



The first thing to be taken into consideration in 

 the cultivation of forests is the means by which they 



are pi-opagated, whether from seed or by trans- 1 this way sooner than by sowing the seed ; but the 

 planting young trees, I propose first to notice the i first cost would be much the most. If seedling trees 



propagation from the seed. 



The seeds of all the oaks, hickories, butternut, 

 black walnut, beech, chestnut, bass, hornbeam and 

 nettle tree, are ripe, and may be gathered at the 

 first hard frosts of October, and all require the same 

 treatment, viz : they may be planted directly after 

 ripening, or may be kept in some moist place until 

 spring and then planted. It injures all of the above 

 lunds to dry them. 



The scarlet and silver maples, canoe and river 

 bu'ches, and elms, ripen their seeds early in June, 

 and should be planted immediately without drying. 

 In good land they will grow from three inches to 

 three feet the first year. They may also be dried 

 and kept. 



The sugar maple, white pine, hemlock, spruce, 

 arbor viUs, white cedar, larch, black and yellow 

 birches, ripen their seeds in August and Septembei', 

 and may either be so\\ti directly or dried and kept 

 till spring before planting. 



The pitch pine and white birch ripen from No- 

 vember to March, and of course should«be planted 

 in the spring. 



When seeds are not liable to be destroyed by 



from the seed bed were to be transplanted, I should 

 recommend to transplant them when much smaller ; 

 say from 1 to 3 feet high. 



The protection of our forests might be all summed 

 u]) in a very few words, viz.: keep out the cattle, 

 fire and the speculators, and let the birds live, es- 

 pecially the wood-peckers. 



Every man knows what would be the consequence 

 if the fire should run through his wood-lot; but it 

 is not every man that is aware of the damage his 

 cattle do to his lot by being allowed to run in it ; 

 and any one would hardly be able to make him be- 

 lieve that a herd of cows would destroy more young 

 wood in a few days or weeks than they were all 

 worth, and yet it is frequently the case. 



It is probably not of much consequence to say 

 anything at this time about the destruction of our 

 old growth, as it is nearly all gene m this region, 

 but do our best to save the young growth that is 

 left, and let the speculators go for the present.^ 



In regard to birds, it is well known that all kinds, 

 that live in the woods subsist, at times, almost 

 wholly on insects, and it is also very well known by 

 naturalists and others, that all insects are injurious 



