500 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



Nov. 



feelin» of responsibility, when they consider their 

 thoughts, as exhibited on the printed page, are to 

 be read by future generations. I am also pleased 

 to learn of the success attending this paper, and 

 the prospect of its long continuance, from the in- 

 creased value it acquires, the longer it is published. 

 A continued series of a Avork, treating upon a sub- 

 ject of so much general importance as agriculture, 

 can not but be enhanced in value, as it increases 

 the number of its volumes. And while it fully sus- 

 tains the reputation of its former namesake, whose 

 mantle has fallen upon it, I hope and trust it will 

 receive the patronage.it so richly deserves. 



Yours with respect, S. P. Fo'UXER. 

 Danvers Port, Jlug. 20, 1856. 



Remarks.— The cheerful view of the Monthly 

 Parmer, taken by our intelligent and respected cor- 

 respondent, is encouraging to us. We should feel 

 it to be a great loss of labor, both of body and 

 mind, to make all the exertions we do, and incur 

 such an expense as we are obliged to for a mere 

 weekly paper. It is inconvenient in form, and is 

 ephemeral in its nature. Few expect to preserve 

 it, or have a place to keep so unwieldly a sheet. 

 The majority of the agricultural articles we publish 

 are written with care, and give actual facts and ex- 

 periments, and are as valuable for one year as 

 another. The Monthly Farmer is, perhaps, the 

 most valuable as a book of reference. 



point at the other end; which after writing the 

 name of the tree, the date when set out, and when 

 obtained, can be bent round one of the small 

 branches, with the writing outside, and as the 

 branch grows it will expand without injuring it. 



The ink for writing on those labels is made thus : 

 Take of verdigris and sal ammoniac each 2 drachms, 

 lampblack 1 drachm, Vifater 4 ounces, to be Avell 

 mixed in a mortar, adding the water graduallv. 

 It must be kept in a glass stopped vial. Write on 

 the zinc with the ink, after shaking it well, in a 

 quill pen ; and after it is dry you may expose it to 

 the weather or bury it in the groundfor years, and 

 it will be as legible as when first written. — Louis- 

 ville Journal. 



LABELS FOR FRUIT TREES. 



Much of the confusion of nomenclature of fruits 

 arises from the little precaution generally used to 

 preserve the names. If, when a tree comes into 

 bearing, the fruit is found to be particularly fine, 

 persons at once desire to obtain grafts, and for want 

 of a better name they attach that of the person from 

 whom the grafts were obtained, although in most 

 cases the fruit is well-known to pomologists by an- 

 other name. Nurserymen also frequently perpe- 

 trate errors in the same way. There are doubtless 

 many fine seedlings with local names only ; but in 

 a large majority of cases these local names are 

 given to old and well known fruit. To guard 

 against such errors and correct those already exist- 

 ing, will be the work of Horticultural Societies and 

 individuals who are well acquainted with the com- 

 mon fruits of the country ; but the greatest safe- 

 guard against the repetition of them in future is 

 the careful marking of every young tree set out. 

 Though, in addition to putting the names on the 

 trees, we advise the further ])recaution of plotting 

 out the ground of the orchard on paper, and mark- 

 ing the locality of each tree with its name. This 

 once carefully done, removes the possibility of er- 

 rors. 



The labels which come from the nursery on trees 

 are not designed to be permanent, and they should 

 be replaced with permanent ones at the first leisure 

 after planting. Be particular that the wire by 

 which the label is attached is not round the body 

 of the young tree, otherwise it will, as the tree 

 grows, be buried in it and materially injure the tree. 

 The very best -label we have ever used is a strip of 

 thin sheet zinc, about four inches and three-fourths 

 of an inch wide at one end, cut so as to taper to a 



NATURE THE WORK OF ONE MIND. 



[The unity of God's works, as brought to light 

 by modern science, was the theme of Prof Agas- 

 siz, in his address at the dedication of the State 

 Geological Hall at Albany, a few weeks since. His 

 remarks, which are very interesting, were as fol- 

 lows : — ] 



Ancient philosophers studied only morals. Then 

 they took up speculations of astronomy and of 

 physics. Only recently has philosophy turned its 

 attention to the study of plants, of animals, and of 

 the crust of the earth. These studies lead them 

 irresistibly to the conclusion that Nature can only 

 be the work of an intellectual Being — of Mind, — 

 of an Individual God. 



Everywhere there is a diversity among organ- 

 ized beings. Everywhere we find types among 

 them that are identical. The two facts, taken to- 

 gether, show that all organized beings have been 

 ordered according to a plan. Thought is visible 

 everywhere ; in geological distributions, in organic 

 structure and gradation. Everywhere tliere is an 

 intellectual connection running through the whole. 



Were we not intellectual beings, allied by the 

 nature of our intellect to the Maker of these, we 

 could not read them. That we can trace the plan, 

 is proof of our mental affinity to the Being that 

 planned it. 



For an illustration of this universally appearing 

 plan, lake the human arm. It has an upper sock- 

 et, next a large single bone, next two smaller 

 bones, next the smaller bones of the wrist, next the 

 diverging bones and joints of the hands and fin- 

 gers. Now take any animal that walks, or creeps, 

 or runs, that has limbs, and you will find the same 

 bones in the same consecutive arrangement. Even 

 the fish, unlike as it appears to a human being, has 

 in its fins what might be a copy of the bones of the 

 human arm. This chain of resemblances shows 

 that one intellect controlled the whole, and ordered 

 them alike. Why should they all be constructed 

 — how could they all he constructed on the same 

 plan, unless they were constructed by the same 

 hand ? 



The same resembling adaptation of means to 

 ends we find throughout all created animals and 

 plants. Their diversity is in special expressions, 

 their unity in general design. 



A fish and a bird, unlike as they look, have the 

 same general anatomical structure. There is the 

 vertebral column, there are the bones diverging 

 from it, there are the cavities above and below, in 

 each. Nay, more. Thousands of fish and birds, 



