1859. 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



267 



best layers, owing to their being well kept in the 

 fall. If pullets are left to run at large in the 

 fall, and not fed well, they will not lay as early, 

 nor so much. 



J. ]}. Farmer said : Last year he had 20 hens, 

 and raised 150 chickens ; did not know how many 

 eggs; his hens cost him one-half a cent per day. 

 This year he had ^0 hens ; in January he had 

 50 dozen eggs, minus three eggs ; 1>3 got 30 cents 

 a dozen. Bought 150 pounds of beef, and kept 

 it by them while it lasted ; he pounded up the 

 bones ; the hens eat pounded bones greedily. lie 

 gives them warm dough once a day in cold weath- 

 er. If we keep hens for the eggs only, he thinks 

 the Poland, or Black Spanish, or Bolton Greys, 

 are better than the larger breeds. It is profitable 

 to raise chickens ; his hens range over a 10 acre 

 pasture ; he keeps scraps by them. Hens should 

 be treated gently ; hens that are perfectly tame, 

 will lay twice as many eggs as wild ones ; he 

 thinks hen manure better than guano. Last year 

 he had enough to manure three acres of corn in 

 the hill. 



1). Tarbell said, if we raise chickens for mar- 

 ket, it is best to have them early, and it is im- 

 portant that they should be nicely dressed, if 

 we would get a good price. Chickens that are 

 carefully cleaned, and nicely put up, will often 

 bring nearly twice as much as others that are 

 equally good, but carelessly dressed. 



Mr. Editor, here are some directions and sug- 

 gestions, respecting the management of barn- 

 yard fowls, from practical men who know how to 

 raise eggs and chickens profitably, and who are 

 doing it this very day, and I doubt not that your 

 numerous readers will value them more than all 

 the fine stories or fine pictures that Burnham, or 

 any other hen fancier, have ever published. 



Yours truly, R. 



QLa.:NDERS IN" HOKSES. 



Glanders is the ivorst and most loathsome form 

 of disease to which the horse is subject ; and 

 man himself does not enjoy immunity from it. 

 In the mother country, in France, and in the Ger- 

 man confederacies, glanders has appeared in is- 

 olated cases among men, and even whole families 

 have l)een swept away, as by the blast of a tor- 

 nado, dying the most horrid deaths. A man or 

 horse once inoculated with the true virus of glan- 

 ders, is doomed to destruction ; there appears to 

 be no help for him. 



The exciting causes of spontaneous glanders, 

 are excessive work, faulty nutrition and bad sta- 

 ble management, both as regards diet and venti- 

 lation. 



Second Mode of Origin. — The next cause 

 assigned for the presence of glanders, is conta- 

 gion. I use the term in its ordinary acceptation, 

 which signifies contact or tonch ; the glandered 

 virus being applied or received on an at)raded or 

 highly vascular surface, is taken up by the ab- 

 sorbent vessels, enters the circulation, and after 

 a while, appears as "inoculated glanders." 



The third cause of glanders is infection. The 

 term infection signifies, to corrupt or vitiate. The 

 atmosphere which pervades a down-cellar, or un- 

 ventilated stable locations, is infected or tainted 

 •with the odoriferous gases arising from filth and 



animal excretions. Here the virus of glanders 

 can be concocted and the disease reign triumph- 

 ant. The vitiated atmosphere prevailing in such 

 locations, finds an easy introduction into the 

 horse's system, through pulmonary respiration. 

 And no doubt many other diseases, hitherto con- 

 sidered as contagious, have had the same pul- 

 monic origin. Therefore, the exciting cause of 

 infectious glanders is the poison or miasm gen- 

 erated in a confined atmos])here, concocted out 

 of exhalations from the breath, fajces, urine and 

 perspiration of horses pent up in it. It will be 

 perceived from what I have already said, that 

 spontaneous glanders is the result of an infected 

 atmosphere, so that in reality there may be but 

 two exciting or direct causes for glanders, viz : 

 contagion and infection. 



Treatment of Glanders. — The only reme- 

 dies that are likely to prove beneficial in the 

 treatment of this malady, are, cod liver oil, phos- 

 phate of lime, vegetable tonics, and blood root ; 

 these may be given in the ordinary doses, as re- 

 commended for other diseases ; at the same time 

 I should give thirty drops per day, of oil of sas- 

 safras, and occasionally inject the nasal cavities 

 with diluted pyroligneous acid. — Dadd's Veteri- 

 nanj Journal. 



For the New Enr^land Farmer. 

 TARRING CORW FOR SEED. 



Mr. Brown : — I admir- the outspoken, straight 

 forward course of yourself and others that write 

 for the Farmer. The opposite opinions of far- 

 mers brought together, are conducive of much 

 good. The results of experiments, both success- 

 ful and otherwise, are attended with profit, when 

 spread before the public. The man who is suc- 

 cessful, publishes it abroad, but failures seldom 



come to light. The county society does 



not publish the fact of a heavy debt occasioned 

 by their race course, no more than they do the 

 granting of premiums to unworthy applicants. 

 When we read in their transactions the award of 

 a premium for one hundred and twenty-one bush- 

 els of corn to the acre, eighty bushels is nodou^it 

 nearer the truth. 



It pains me to see such havoc made by insec s 

 and birds on the corn crop. I have seen many a 

 field of corn where the cut worm has destroyed 

 from 25 to 50 per cent., which might have been 

 prevented by an outlay of 25 cents. The only 

 sure remedy against the cut worm is to secure 

 the services of the crow in the fields. 



Forty-three years actual experience has demon- 

 strated to me the entire safety of such birds be- 

 ing permitted to range the fields at will. 



Tar applied to seed corn before it is planted, 

 certainly will prevent the crows destroying it. 

 For more than forty years I have not been able 

 to detect a single failure, wherever it was done 

 correctly. Not one ])erson in ten would proba- 

 bly be successful in their first endeavor in tarr- 

 ing corn ; to be known, the operation must be 

 seen. One man dare no use boiling water, so he 

 fails ; another destroys the vitality of the kernel 

 by too great a degree of heat long continued. I 

 have known parts of fields destroyed by poison- 

 ous manures, when this single fact was over- 

 looked, and tar, or the birds, was erroneously 

 supposed to be the cause. 



