1859. 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



357 



martins; and woe fell upon every crow'ei, poor 

 devoted head that dared to show itself anywhere 

 near the premises. They were out as early as 

 Mr. Crow himself, and ready to give hattle all 

 summer, or, until their young had flown, and 

 they got ready to migrate South. There was 

 many a battle fought over the field, but no corn 

 was pulled up that year. — Maine Farmer. 



"WEVEB PUT OFF TILL TO-MOKKOW." 



Now ia the time to be busy. 



Now ig the season for toil : 

 Work while 'tis Spring, and the Autumn 



Will bring you the fruits of the soil. 

 There's no time for work like the present. 



Let idlers not lead you astray ; 

 For "never put off till to-morrow 



The thing you can do to-day !" 



Be up with the dawn of the morning. 



In time to your labor repair ; 

 And though you do ever so little, 



Be sure that you do it with care. 

 And should the world tell you to linger, 



And join for a moment in play. 

 Mind, "never put off till to-morrow 



The thing you can do to-day !" 



So youth is the time for progressing 



la wisdom's deligbtful road. 

 That age, at the end of the journey, 



May find a repose with God. 

 Then remember, while youth is in splendor 



(Not when you're old and grey,) 

 To "never put off till to-morrow 



The good you can do to-day '." 



For the Now England Farmer. 



GBAWD DIVISIONS IN THE ANIMAL 

 KINGDOM. 



It seems to me that the greatest impediment 

 to the diffusion of knowledge, by the press, or by 

 scientific lecture, is to be found in the persistent 

 rejection, by the farmer, of scientific terms. "But," 

 I am frequently asked, "why not use common 

 terms?" I answer, because in some cases we 

 have no common or familiar term to express the 

 idea, but more frequently we use the scientific, 

 rather than the common term, because the com- 

 mon term is indefinite, and the scientific term is 

 precise, in its meaning. If the lecturer use the 

 com.mon term to express his definite scientific idea, 

 his different hearers will interpret it differently. 

 I meet with men every day who use indifferently 

 the words, species, order, class, genus, tribe and 

 family, to express the same idea. These things 

 ought not so to be. It seems to me a truism 

 that without precision of language, no definite 

 idea can be conveyed. Is it not, then, the farm- 

 er's first duty to acquaint himself with the Ian 

 guage of science ? I do' not propose to write a 

 lexicon, but to give the proper idea to be at 

 tachfcd to a few terms found in each of the de 

 partments of science in which the farmer must 

 te interested. I shall dilute the article some, to 

 keep it from being dry, but wish it understood 

 that ^ach scientific term, however frequently used 

 has but one meaning — the same in every place. 



I commence with the animal kingdom. All 

 animals have been formed by the Creator, on 

 four great plans, as distinct as the Gothic, Ionic 

 Doric and Corinthian orders of architecture ; 



consequently, naturalists say, that there are four 

 grand divisions in the animal kingdom. In the 

 order of their rank, commencing with the lowest, 

 they are the Radiates, Mollusks, Articulates and 

 Vertebrates. The Radiates are so called becaus 

 their organs, especially their nervous systems, 

 are arranged around and diverge from a centre, 

 like the spokes of a wheel. The star fish, (As- 

 terias,) is the type of this style of animals. But 

 in every division, the general plan is greatly mod- 

 ified, producing classes, orders, genera and spe- 

 cies, and giving that beauty and variety in which 

 the Creator seems everywhere to delight. This 

 division mostly inhabits the sea, and is of little 

 economical importance to the farmer. 



The second division is that of shell fish. They 

 are called Mollusks — the word signifying soft. 

 Most Mollusks, though soft animals, are covered 

 with a hard shell, as in the case of the clam, oys- 

 ter and snail, and are said to be testacious. — 

 Squids and slugs have no visible shell, only a 

 rudimentary one under the cuticle. Slugs are 

 often found under old logs and stones, and are 

 thought to be snails, which have crept away from 

 shells — a natural but a false notion. 



The third division is said to be Articulate, be- 

 cause the animals, for the most part, have an ex- 

 ternal skeleton composed of rings articulated or 

 joined together, as in the lobster and the wasp. 

 The earthworm and the leech have no hard skel- 

 eton, but their rings are visible, and their style 

 of organism of the articulate type, their nerves 

 being distributed in two lines along the lower 

 part of the body, with ganglia or modular masses 

 at each ring. Insects, caterpillars and spiders 

 belong to this division. The farmer's hopes and 

 his fears, his success and his failures, are fre- 

 quently intimately connected with these animals. 



The fourth division is that of Vertebrates — 

 animals with a spine or back bone. The plan 

 of this division reverses that of the last. The 

 skeleton of this is on the inside and the muscles 

 on the outside. The nervous system is on the 

 upper side of the body, and contamed in the back 

 bone. The jaws work vertically — those of the 

 articulate work horizontally. In this division 

 are included fishes, snakes, turtles, lizards, alli- 

 gators, monkeys and men. MoKE Anon. 



Wilbraham, 18o9. 



Remakks. — Excellent. You point out a path 

 in which thousands of our readers ought to tread, 

 and take observations. 



For the New England Farmer. 

 BOTS IN HOKSES. 



Mr. Brown : — I noticed in a recent number of 

 the Farmer an account of the sick colt, written 

 by "O. T. Willard." He called the disease bots, 

 which I thought was impossible, although his 

 description answered to a case recently before 

 me. But my colt was so far gone when friend 

 Willard intimated that it was bots, that it seemed 

 useless to doctor for them. I^ad been told if 

 my colt died and I examined him, I should not 

 detect the cause, for all horses have some bots. 

 ]My colt died this week. I got my brother, and 

 into the examination we went, expecting to find 

 the truoble in the spinal column. But if it was 



