8 



It has been demonstrated repeatedly that such au opening does not 

 serve as a suitable inlet or outlet. It is impossible with such 

 arrangement of windows to get thorough and even distribution of the 

 incoming currents. Stables ventilated in this way are invariably 

 cold and draughty. Not only was it impossible to get good circula- 

 tion of air in the stable, but under certain conditions it was not 

 possible to get a pure supply. In case the incoming currents were 

 from the yard enclosed on all sides by high buildings, they were 

 frequently loaded with those uoxious gases derived from the decom- 

 posing excrement in the 3'ard. 



The general plan of the barn necessitated a faulty arrangement of 

 the animals in the stable. The report says " there are four rows of 

 stalls running across the barn." Later there was added a fifth. The 

 box-stalls in the west end were similarly arranged and were separated 

 by partitions extending from the floor nearly to the ceiling. 



These rows ran north and south and were between opposite win- 

 dows, a condition which, with simple sliding windows, can never give 

 satisfactory results in ventilation. 



The animals in the center of the rows do not get their share of the 

 fresh air while those near the open windows are subject to draughts. 

 A much better arrangement when possible, is to place the animals in 

 rows running lengthwise of the stable, either facing them toward the 

 walls or toward the central aisle, and instead of sliding windows have 

 them hinged at the bottom, dropping inward at the top. This 

 arrangement serves to direct and distribute the incoming currents of 

 air before coming in contact with the cattle. 



HISTORY OF THE COLLEGE HERD. 



Two years before the building of the barn described in this bulletin 

 the college herd, according to the report of 1868, consisted of the 

 following animals : " One Ayrshire and one Alderney bull calf, three 

 pairs of oxen, eighteen three-year-old steers, fifteen yearlings, all 

 grade shorthorns; and three milch cows." The bull calves were 

 presented by Dr. George B. Loring of Salem. 



The following year the herd consisted of three pair of oxen, four 

 cows, fourteen two-year-olds, three yearlings and one yearling bull. 



In the year succeeding, the stock was largely increased by the 

 addition to the herd of a number of pure bred and native animals. 

 The pure breds were of the Shorthorn, Devon, Ayrshire and .Tersey 



