A Partial Glossary of Fodder Terms. 



E. B. Holland. 



Acids, Inorganic. — Inorganic acids are combinations of the non- 

 metals (chlorine, phosphorus, etc.) with hydrogen, or with 

 hydrogen and oxygen. They possess an entremely sour taste. 

 The most common are hydrochloric, (muriatic,) phosphoric, 

 sulphuric and nitric acids. 



Acids, Okoanic. — These are chemical combinations of carbon, oxy- 

 gen and hydrogen, generally possessing a sour taste. United 

 to potash, lime, etc., they form organic salts. Oiganic acids 

 are found as a rule dissolved in the plant juices, and to the 

 largest extent in fruit, silage and green coarse feeds. The 

 most common ones are tanaric, citric, malic, oxalic, acetic 

 and lactic acids Their exact value as a source of nutrition 

 is unknown. 



Organic Acids have as a rule a favorable effect upon the 

 palatabiliiy of a food. 



Albuminoids. — Albuminoids are distinct groups of nitrogen contain- 

 ing substances found in all plants and seeds. Their most 

 common forms aro seen in the gluten of the grains, albumen 

 (white) of the egg, and curd of the milk. They appear in 

 large quantities in seeds and by-products derived from them, 

 such as cotton, linseed, gluten and bean meals. The elemen- 

 tary composition of these bodies is carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, 

 nitrogen, sulphur, and phosphorus. As a food they serve as 

 the exclusive source of production of flesh, muscle, ligaments, 

 tendons, hide, etc., and of repair of bodily wastes. 



Albuminoids are also a source of energ}^ and were formerly 

 considered a source of fat, but this is now doubted. 



Alkaloids. — Alkaloids are also nitrogen containing substances, but 

 very different from the albuminoids, occurring in certain 

 distinct plants and possessing poisonous or narcotic proper- 

 ties. They are represented by caffeine in coffee and nicotine 

 in tobacco. 



Alkalies. — Alkalies are distinct combinations of oxygen and 

 hydrogen with potassium, sodium, etc. The three common 

 alkalies are potash, soda and ammonia. In common usage, 

 lime, magnesia, etc., are classed as alkalies. They are 

 directly the opposite of acids and unite with them to form 

 neutral bodies called salts. 



Alumina. — Alumina is a metallic substance, rarely present in plants 

 excepting traces in the roots and leaves. 



Amides. — Amides are partially formed albuminoids, occurring largely 

 in solution in the juices of immature plants, root crops, and 

 silage. In feeding value, however, they are inferior to the 

 albuminoids, but when there is a deficiency in these latter 

 compounds, the amides (especially asparagin, the most com- 



