DIVISION OF FOODS AND FEEDING. 



Joseph B. Lindsey. 



ECONOMIC FEEDING OF MILCH COWS. 



(ii) Principles of Nutrition. 



(b) Feeds and Feed Combinations. 



(c) Composition of Milk. 



(a) PRINCIPLES OF NUTRITION. 

 In order to feed farm live stock to the best advantage, it is import- 

 ant that the feeder be familiar with some of the general principles of 

 animal nutrition. 



COMPOSITION OP THE ANIMAL BODY. 



The body of the animal can be divided into four groups of sub- 

 stances namely, water, ash, flesh and fat. 



Water : The entire animal body is largely composed of water. 

 The new born calf contains 80 to 85 per cent ; during the process 

 of growth it decreases to 60 per cent while in the mature and mod- 

 erately fat steer, water comprises only about 40 to 50 per cent of 

 the entire body. 



Ash : The mineral matter or ash exists largely in the bones, 

 though small quantities are found distributed through all animal flesh. 

 The bones are made up partly of ash, partly of fatty substances and 

 partly of nitrogenous matter, such as glue, gelatine, etc. The 

 mineral matter of the body in round numbers is : 



In cattle, 4 to 5 per cent of the live weight. 

 " sheep, 2.8 to 3.5 " " " " " 



" pigs, 1.8 to 3.0 " " " " " 



About f of the totalis composed of phosphate of lime, and the 

 remaining A of soda, potash, magnesia, iron, chlorine and sulphuric 

 acid. 



Flesh : The flesh, or nitrogenous matter of the body is composed 

 of two distinct groupsof substances, the aZ&ummoids, and gelatinoids. 



