20 



When to feed and water : The writer is of the opinion that two feed- 

 ings, morning and late afternoon, are sufficient daily. The animal thus 

 fed is abundantly able to take all that is necessary for her welfare. 

 The cow desires considerable time to remasticate her feed, and there 

 can surely be no advantage in the midday feeding. Feeds that are 

 liable to taint the milk, should be fed immediately after milking. 



Cows should be watered twice daily if possible, namely after the 

 morning and evening feeding. It is a great advantage to have the 

 chill taken from the water in winter. The writer advocates the use 

 of the self watering device whenever practicable in well ventilated 

 barns. The auiir.al is thus enabled to di'ink whenever she has the 

 desire which is to her advantage. 



(c) COMPOSITION OF MILK. 



Average cows milk has the following composition : 



Water, 87.00 per cent 



Fat, 4.00 " 



Casein and albumen (curd), 3.20 " 



Milk sugar, 5.10 



Ash, 0.70 



Average composition of milk of different breeds : 



Holstein, 



Ayrshire, 



Shorthorn, 



Devon, 



Jersey, 



Guernsey, 



While the above figures can be taken as types, they do not mean 

 that every cow of a distinct breed will give milk of the above compo- 

 sition. In fact a great many Jerseys produce milk with four per 

 cent of fat, and families and individual cows of the Holstein breed 

 yield milk as rich as do many Jerseys or Guernseys. 



EFFECT OP PEED UPON THE COMPOSITION OF MILK. 



Feed has very little if any effect upon the quality of milk. By 

 quality we refer to the per cent or amount of total solid matter in the 

 milk. It is a well recognized fact that some feeds affect the flavor 



♦Containing milk sugar, cui-d and ash. 



