14 



are spherical in shape for the most part, and do not occur in aggre- 

 gates. Two by-products of barley will be dealt with under grain 

 products; namely, brewers' grains, and malt sprouts. 



OATS. 



(Avena saliva, L.) 



Oats, either whole, crushed or ground, form one of the chief 

 ingredients of many cattle foods and are a very important article 

 of food. In general appearance the oat is similar to other cereals, 

 but is easily distinguished by the smooth glossy glume which is 



Figure 7 

 Fig. 7. Oats. (1) Epicarp with long hairs; (2) Starch grains and 

 aggregates; (3) Spongy parenchyma; (4) Hairs and (t) crescent cells from 

 outer epidermis. 



not ribbed as in barley. The grain itself is spindle shaped and 

 very narrow, compared with wheat or barley, and has a shallow 



