45 



more commonly about 200/x. Numerous intercellular spaces are 

 found in carefully mounted slides. 



Many reticulated vessels are also noticeable; these have an 

 average diameter of from 50 — SO/x although occasionally wider 



Figure 41 

 Fig. 41. Sugar beet pulp. (1) Parenchj'ma cells and (2) reticulated 

 vessels. 



ones are found. The reticulations are large and irregular in 

 shape, giving the vessels the appearance of a sieve. In length 

 the vessels vary greatly, and are very seldom found entire in 

 materials. Fig. 41 shows these elements. 



PART IV. 



CHARACTERISTICS AND IDENTIFICATION OF CONDI- 

 MENTS. 



ASFAETIDA. 



{Ferula foetida and spp.) 



This substance is a gum-like resin in its natural state and 

 occurs in some condimentals. When seen under the microscope 

 it appears as irregular greyish masses streaked with brown and 

 these are semi -lustrous. There is no certain microscopical meth- 

 od of diagnosis, but the substance is best detected by its charac- 

 teristic alliaceous odor which is very persistent, and by its bitter 

 taste. When triturated with water the gum yields a milky 

 emulsion. 



ANISE. 



{Pimpinella Anisum, L.) 



This is occasionally found in cattle foods of a condimental 

 nattire, and is used to flavor them and give an agreeable odor, 



