VOL. VI. 



ROCHESTER, NEW YORK. NOVEMBER, 1845. 



NO. 11. 



PUBLIS HED M ONTHLY. 



BY B. F. SMITH 8l CO, PROPRIETORS, 



At the Seed Store, Froiii Slreet, nearly uppusUc the Market. 



DA^r fElTL^E, EDITO R. 



FIFTV TENTiS A YKAR: 



Fi I'e copir.s for Two UoLi.'Rs; jE;V/i( copies for 'I'kkf.k Dollars 

 All (>ay ..oiils til l>e iiude in a Umhcp. iVIoiioy iiiil suhscri|ilioiis, 

 by .1 remilatioii of l!ie po.-tm.ister {reneriil, may hi> remiltiit by 

 post masters frei; of expense. JZf Address U. F. S.mith & Co. 



ENLARGEMENT OF THE FARMER. 



We find it impossible to pubi'sh in the Farmer, at 

 its present size, all the mattter which is regarded 

 as mo.-t worthy of a place in its columns. The 

 liberal patron, ge already received, and the moro 

 cxtcnde ' subscription li^t ^vhich is conlidently anti- 

 cipated, induce the Publishers to increase the number 

 of pages, for the volume of ]'546, from l(j to 'J4. — 

 This will make a large double c^l'imn of^tavo volume 

 of about 300 pages, printed on neiv type, and on good 

 paper, which will be sold at Fifty Cents. 



The present Editor has m ule arrangements to 

 settle on a farm m Monroe County, and will devote 

 hi^ undivided attention to the Practice and the Sci- 

 ence of Agriculture. He hopes, by dint of both 

 Mental and Manual hibor, and the assi-tance of kind 

 friends, to m ;ke the Gk,m,ske F -rmkr a paper that 

 w'll commend itself to the best regai.is of every 

 wll wisher to tho great Agricultural Interest of the 

 country. 



The tools for the analysis of soils, and the micro- 

 £copic investigation of parasitic plants, insects, the 

 organic structure, growth, and strength of Wool, 

 and many other most interesting natural phenomena, 

 will be in his possession. 



Knowledoe and Improvement is our motto. 



POPULATION OF THE STATE. 



R-^turns are nu'ilished from a s'lfficient number o 

 th>^ counties ui" this State t.) fii.nish the groiml of 

 an estJuiate in reyranl to the whole populati m t > b- 

 exhibited by th" cen^^.s of the present vear. In 1835 

 th.-^ number of inhibitants wars 2,174,517. In 13i0, 

 2,4-28,921. In 1845 it will be in the neio-hborhood 

 of 2,670,000. 



The increase in the period, from '35 to '40 wa^ 

 495,483. The increase from '40 to '45, according 

 to this estimaf^, was 254,404. 



Iti-s urobable that, as an nsrricul'untl State, New 

 York has nearly reached her acme of population. 



The best cultivated and most densely peopled coun- 

 ties suffer an incessant drain of emigration to the 

 vve.'-t. Scarce a young man comes to his majority, 

 but his head is filled with visions of the prairies of 

 Wisconsin, and he loses no time in putting money 

 in his purse to seek a hon)e where land is cheaper. 

 — Rochester Daily American. 



We are unwilling to believe "that as an agricul- 

 tural State, New- York has nearly reached her ac- 

 me of population." And yet without a change of 

 State policy, it is demonstrably true, that our rural 

 population, and country mechanics must continue to 

 emigrate faster than their natural increase. The 

 i^ame causes which have reduced the agricultural 

 population, within the last five years, in twelve or 

 fifteen of the best farming counties in tho State, 

 and cut down the number of mechanics and trades- 

 men in the cities of Hudson, Schenectady andUticn, 

 and in many villages will, if allowed to contin'ip in 

 lull force, operate still more injuriouslv on the 

 whole industrial intTests of the commonwealth. 

 The same wrongs only in an inferior degree, which 

 drive so many t!iousands of the sons of toil from Eu- 

 rope to America, are fast growing up in the Empire 

 State, to exi)el from her borders her most enterpris- 

 ing and useful young men and women. We cre- 

 ate an artificial condition of things, which renders 

 productive labor less valuable to the owners of hu- 

 nian muscle and mind in this State, than in nure 

 favored regions. 



Suffering humanity flees from England, Ireland and 

 Germany to this country, not to eacapo the oppres- 

 sion of kings, queens and dukes, butcrue! extortions 

 of capital and insatiable avarice. If labor were per- 

 mitted to enjoy in peace all that calls it into existence 

 in Europe, it woiUd remain there, w>rk, eat, drink 

 and be happy. But capital taking the advantage of 

 human hunger and nake Iness by a monopoly of land 

 :in 1 its frii'ts, compels labor to support millionf, not 

 Mnly in iilencss, but in the most debasing luxury and 

 ex'ravigence. 



From such a burthen on productive indMs-trv, 

 whether imposed on the east or west side of th-' .At- 

 lantic, outraged humanity will escape if possibl.-. — 

 If we compare a man's productive powers, from the 

 cradle to the grave, with his physical, social, intel- 

 lectual and moral wants, we discover the "fixed 

 fact" that, we must establish for him a very low 

 Rtandird of comfo>-t, or give him all that one pair of 

 lands and one intellect can reasonably produce in 

 order to carry him well through the world. 



