Vol. 6. 



GENESEE FARMER. 



n9 



CENSUS OF HERKIMER COUNTY. 



Whole population in 1 845, 37,424 



" " " 1840, 37,<i77 



Pounds of Cheese made the year previous, 8,208,796 



do of Butter, do l,48t,()23 



do of Wool, 130,769 



Bushels of Wheat, 60,700 



" Corn, 180,340 



" Oats, 690,413 



« Potatoes, '264,000 



Value of Woollen Manufactures, $251,750 



" Cotton,, do 50,550 



" Manufactured leather, 21 7,240 



The greatest product of cheese in any single town, 



is that of Fairfield, which reaches 1,355,967 pounds. 



The Cheese of Herkimer county, at 8 cents a 

 pound — the price it was selling at when we were 

 there — will command the handsome sum of $656,703. 

 That county once produced more wheat than corn. 

 Now the latter exceeds the former, three to one. — 

 The elements that form wheat have been pretty well 

 consumed for the present. The things that make 

 cheese are now in a fair way of being worked up into 

 that product and sent abroa 1, Perhaps however, eight 

 or ten million pounds of cheese can be made, and an- 

 nually exported from a county, and yet the farms 

 that produce it,iose not one pound of matter! Nothing 

 is easier than to consume the ingred'ents in a soil, 

 which unite to form any combmation of vegetable 

 or animal substances. It is not, however, always 

 so easy to restore fertility to a land that has been 

 robbed of its most valuable constituents. The 

 cheese makers of England have long been ransacking 

 the commercial witrld to geihones to yield phosphate 

 of lime and ammonia ttj their grass intended for dai- 

 ry purposes. The h'unan skeletons of Watr-rloo, 

 as well as bones from the slaughter houses of this 

 country, have been used for that p-.irpose. 



In 40 gallons of milk, there is one pound of bone- 

 earth, equal \\ lbs. of common bones. 30 lbs. of 

 the latter is about the amount a good cow will remove 

 from the soil in her milk alone, in a year. If her 

 urine be lost, that will take away some 20 lbs. more. 

 In Cheshire they apply $15 worth of ground bones 

 per acre, to pastare lands. 



When we estimated the needless annual waste in 

 this State, of things that make grass, grain, roots, 

 milk, meat, avooI, and the like agricultural products, 

 in our last Report to the Legislature, at $20,000,- 

 000, we were below the truth. If a bushel of wheat 

 is worth a dollar, the things which will make a bushel 

 of that grain is worth forty cents. There would be 

 quite as much sense in the conduct of a tanner, who 

 should let half his hides rot, and be utterly lost, as in 

 that of a farmer who wastes his manure in any way. 



Choics Fruit. — We have to acknowledge the 

 receipt of a box of superb fruit from James H. 

 Watts, Esq., of Rochester, including several va- 

 rieties of pears, apples and quinces. Accompany- 

 ing the above was a new kind of potatoe — at least 

 they were new to us — which were a little better 

 than others that we have been able to find in Buffa- 

 lo market. Their name is unknown to us. 



Mr. Clf.vton's Address before the Buffalo 

 Horticultural Society. — This admirable Address, 

 which we had the pleasure of listening to, a copy of 

 which has be^n furnished at our request, did not 

 come to hand in season for this number. It will be 

 given in our next. 



AGRICULTURE IN PARISH SCHOOLS IN 

 SCOTLAND. 



Great success has attended the introduction of 

 the study of Agricultural Chemistry into 74 pub- 

 lic schools in Scotland. Public examinations of 

 pupils, in both practical and .scientific agriculture 

 have been iiad, at one of which the Marquis of 

 Queensbury presided. These have elicited the 

 warmest commendations from all present. Prof. 

 Johnson is employed to instruct 300 teachers of 

 common schools and qualify them to teach classes 

 in th's all important study. A small apparatus has 

 been made expressly for the use of school masters 

 to demonstrate all the important principles laid 

 down in Johnston's Catechism. 



The editor of this paper, since his course of lec- 

 tures in behalf the State Ag. Society have closed, 

 has been engaged in getting up an apparatus for the 

 precise purpose, which he is now happy to learn is 

 already in use in Scotland. What a pity it is that 

 while we have no Marquises, Earls, Dukes nor 

 Lords, in this State, to foster agricultural science 

 and learning, poor, humble plebians must work for 

 nothing, and find themselves ! 



But we rejoice in the belief that a brighter day ia 

 beginning to dawn on the noble profession of Acf- 

 riculture in Now York. Its rise is slow, but certain 

 in the end. A day's work with the plow, will ere 

 long be worth a days work at the bar, in the court 

 house, or elsewhere. Place science in the head 

 that directs all rural pursuits, and the honest toil 

 devoted thereto will command a double reward. 



COMMON SCHOOLS IN CORTLAND CO. 



It gives us pleasure to notice that the Board of 

 Supervis irs of Cortland county, although a majori- 

 ty of them are politically opposed to Col. H, S, 

 Randall, passed, unanimously, a vote of thanks to 

 that gentlemen for his distinguished services for 

 several years, as County Superintendent of Com- 

 mon Schools. 



We admire the public spirit of the people of that 

 county. Their common schools are said to be 

 imonir the best in the state. Cortland Academy is 

 about to take the lead in first giving a regular course 

 of instruction on Agricultural Chemistry and Geol- 

 ogy. We know some things of Mr. S. B. Wool- 

 worth, its able and scientific principal, and have no 

 doubt that he will give full satisfaction to all that may 

 attend his course of Lectures. 



An Agricultural College near the Citv of 

 New York. — The Farmers Club of the American 

 Institute intend to petition the next Legislature for 

 the establishment near this city of an Agricidtnrul 

 College and Experimental Farm, which the Institue 

 proposes to superintend the direction of. The 

 petitioners say : — "We respectfully ask that an ex- 

 periment may now be tried in this great State, of all 

 these staples which can be found suitable to our own 

 location; so that New York city, the emporium of 

 commerce, may by her thousand ships and roads, 

 concentrate the first College and Trial Farm for 

 vegetable productions." 



To Correspondents. — We have several com- 

 munications on file for publication, which have been 

 necessarily crowded out of this number. They will 

 receive attention next month — or as soon as they 

 can be seasonably published. 



