120 



GENESEE FARMER. 



May. 



tributed over the ground than by any other ar- 

 rangement. They may tlius be cultivated in 

 three directions. For landscape effect, this is 

 undoubtedly better than any other regular order. 

 Trees are frequently mutilated in cultivating 

 the ground with a team ; to obviate this difficul- 

 ty, arrange tlie horses when they work near the 

 line of trees, one before the other, ad tandem ; 

 let a boy ride tlic forward one, use long traces, 

 and a short wlripple-tree, and place the whole in 

 the charge of a careful man wlic knows that one 

 tree is worth more than fifty hills of corn or po- 

 tatoes, and no danger need be feared. 



When it becomes necessary for trees to stand 

 in grass, as in some instances near dwellings, a 

 circle of several feet around each tree, must be 

 kept mellow by the spade. The work should be 

 shallow near the tree to prevent injury to the 

 roots, and gradually deepen as it recedes. This 

 operation, when repeated several times during 

 summer, has been known to increase the growth 

 five fold. But a not less important result is the 

 exclusion of the mice, for which 

 this is by far the most effectual 

 method, if the surface is raised 

 nine or ten inches round the 

 tree just before winter. Tli« 

 grass no longer affords these an- 

 imals any hiding place ; and the 

 embankment round the stem 

 prevents the collection of deep 

 snow. It proves completely ef- 

 fectual. Fig. 14 represents the 

 mode in which this embanking should be done.* 

 Among the crops which are best suited to 

 young trees, are potatoes, ruta bagas, beets, car- 

 rots, beans, and all low hoed crops. Corn, 

 though a hoed crop, is of too tall a growth, shad- 

 ing young trees too much by its formidable stalks. 

 All sown crops are to be avoided, f and grass is 

 still worse. Meadows, are ruinous. An acquaint- 

 ance who purchased a^hundred peach trees and 

 placed them in meadow land, lost most of them 

 by the overgrowth of the grass ; and the follow- 

 ing winter the mice, who avoid clean culture, 

 destroyed the remainder. Every one was lost. 

 A clean, mellow, cultivated piece of ground, kept 

 so a fe.v years, might have saved the whole of 

 them, and brought them soon into bearing. 



* The writor hns often saved young trees of tlic pear and 

 apple, vvliicli have been girdled hy mice, by (iltiiig in small 

 pieces of wood wilh the fresh bark, so as to restore tlio 

 connexion between the two several portions of iIk; bark, 

 covering the whole with grafting wax. 



t Peas are by many regarded as a good cro[) for orchards. 

 They are much worse than corn which is kept hoed, ili<jiigh 

 the corn sliades the young trees more. A friend had a 

 large ])each orchard sown wilh pe.as, and bordered on one 

 tide with corn, in whicli one row stood. Siieli was the 

 benefit to the peach trees, from the hoeing given to the 

 corn, that the row standing in it was conspicuously marked 

 out by the deeper green of its foliage, at the distance of half 

 a mile. 



Roses. — There are three modes, says Buist, within tlie 

 reacli of all for the propagation of garden or June roses — 

 raineiy, by iayeri/ q , budding, and grafting. 



Fig. 14. 



Apples. 



We are under obligations to S. W. Cole, Esq., 

 of the Boston Cultivator, for specimens of the 

 following 12 varieties of Apples, which we have 

 received in good condition : 



Green Newtown Pippin. — This is correct. 

 Mr. C. says he procured it i'rom the neighbor- 

 hood of the celebrated Orchard of Mr. Pell, at 

 Pellham. 



Yellow Newtown Pippin. — This is also genu- 

 ine. These, Mr. C. states, are now selling at 

 $3,50 per barrel in the Boston market. 



Esopus Spitzemberg. — This is the same as 

 that well known and extensively cultivated with us. 



Baldwin. — This is well known to be the most 

 popular Apple in Massachusetts. It is beginning 

 to make its appearance with us, and we believe 

 will succeed as well here as in Mass., but is far 

 inferior, in our opinion, in quality, and does not 

 keep so well, as the S^caar and Northern Spy. — 

 Mr. Cole says it is a prodigious bearer, every 

 second year," and sells now, Feb. 26, in their 

 markets at #3,50 per barrel — and adds that large 

 orchards of it, alone, are now planted — one he 

 mentions of 500 trees. 



Late Baldwin, — This is a fair looking, reddish 

 apple, a good deal like the Baldwin, but it is 

 evidently a different apple. The stein is stouter 

 and shorter ; it lacks the unfailing russet in the 

 cavity of the stem, and is coarser grained, and 

 inferior in flavor. Mr. Cole says he found this 

 in Maine some 12 years ago : it keeps a month 

 longer than the Baldwin, and bears prodigiously, 

 and that its great advantage is that it bears in odd 

 years, i. e. .5, 7, &c., when fruit with them is 

 scarce. 



Baldwin Betweenity ! — This is the barbarous 

 title of a very large, beautiful Apple, which Mr. 

 C. considers a connecting link between the Bald- 

 win and hate Baldwin. Having only a single 

 specimen before us, we cannot be positive, but 

 we are pretty sure that it is neither more nor 

 less than a Baldwin modified by peculiar circum- 

 stances. Mr. C. believes so too, but says its pe- 

 culiarities are fixed. We have compared this 

 with another Apple before us, which we received 

 from .Ias. W. Sibley, Esq., of this city, as a 

 Steele's Red Winter, and find them to be identi- 

 cal. We pronounced this Steele''s Red Winter 

 to be the Baldwin as soon as we saw it. 



Blue Pearmain.— This is a large, beautiful, fine 

 flavored firuit — always commands a high price in 

 market. We have had it bear on our place. It 

 bears but moderately. The tree is a fine vigor- 

 ous grower. 



" Spitzcmlurg.'''' — The specimen sent us un- 

 der this name is, we are pretty sure, the Flush- 

 ing S[)it/.cmburg, with which we were once very 

 familiar. It is readily distinguished from the 

 Esopus by its darker color, more regular outline, 

 and the brown spots that are sprinkled over it.—- 



