32 TILE DKAINAGE. 



cause I thought it might not need drainage, or at least could 

 be left until I could learn whether so large an outlay paid on 

 the rest of the orchard. At the right of Fig. 8, A B C, with 

 the short spur F B, is the one main drain, and D E is the 

 only lateral in the part not thoroughly tiled. At the left of 

 the figure it is seen that about two-thirds of the plat is thor- 

 oughly tiled, having laterals half way between all rows. The 

 rows, and hence the laterals, are 33 feet apart. The part 

 thoroughly tiled is marked " plat 1," and the part only par- 

 tially tiled is marked " plat 2," and will be so referred to. 

 The mark + shows an original tree, alive and thrifty. The 

 mark O shows one dead, and replaced by a new tree. The 

 photo-engravings, Figs. 9 and 10, show at a glance the re- 

 sults of drainage upon orchard trees and wheat, and show 

 it, as I think, in a most striking and conclusive manner.* 

 Fig. 9 is a photo-engraving of a part of plat 1, and Fig. 10 of a 

 part of plat 2. The camera stood at S, Fig. 9, and pointed 

 diagonally to the left for Fig. 9, and to the right for Fig. 10, 

 as shown by the darts at S, Fig. 8. 



THE EFFECTS OF TILING UPON APPLE-TREES. 



Compare Figs. 9 and 10. " Seeing is believing," and the cam- 

 era will not lie. In Fig. 9 the trees are strong and thrifty ; 

 their branches meet each other ; they shade nearly the whole 

 of the ground; some of the trunks are over 40 inches in cir- 

 cumference a foot above the ground ; and the trees are seen, 

 both from the photograph, Fig. 9, and the diagram, Fig. 8, to 

 be nearly all of the original planting. But in Fig. 10 the trees 

 are evidently far smaller ; there is none of the uniformity, 

 density, and thrift found in Fig. 9 ; and Fig. 8 shows that 

 more than half of the original trees died; and they have had 

 to be replaced by smaller trees within about 16 years. 



*With the full consent of the publisher, A. I. Root, I g-ave in The 

 Rural New-Yorker of Aug. 8, 1891, Fig's. 8, 9, and 10 (finely reproduced by 

 that paper), and the substance of some six or eight pages which follow 

 here. W. I. C. 



