TILE DRAINAGE. 37 



been replaced since the land was tiled ; /. e., within 16 years. 

 It is an exact "graphical diagram," and will repay careful 

 study. Even a glance shows very many more zeros (O) in 

 plat 2 (Fig. 8) than in plat 1. Now count in both, if you 

 please, and yon will find that, in plat 2, 49 out of a total 91 

 have died, or almost exactly 54 per cent. But in plat 1 only 

 25 out of a total 175 have died, or a little over 14 per cent. 

 That is, nearly four times as many in proportion have died in 

 the part only partially tiled as in the part thoroughly tiled. 

 But all other causes, except drainage, have been alike in 

 both, or even more favorable to the part not tiled. We seem 

 to be simply and irresistibly shut down to the conclusion that 

 thorough tile drainage on this clayey soil has made four times 

 as many trees live, while a comparison of Figs. 9 and 10 shows 

 that those on the tile-drained soil are far larger and more 

 thrifty. I may add, that, even where original trees are still 

 living, they are not nearly so thrifty or productive, nor is 

 their fruit nearly so nice. For example, I have now, Aug. 

 10. nearly finished picking and marketing the Red Astra- 

 chans on a row which (like all the other varieties) runs across 

 both plats. The total yield per tree is fully 50 per cent great- 

 er on the tiled part ; and in size, beauty, and evenness of 

 shape, there is more than that amount in favor of the tiled. 



A still closer, examination will show that, even in plat 2, 

 fewer trees died where there was best drainage. For exam- 

 ple, in the two rows nearest the street, only 10 out of 28 died, 

 or less than 36 per cent ; while in the rest of plat 2, 40 out of 

 63 died, or over 63 per cent. But virtually these two rows 

 are one-half drained ; the second from the street, by the 

 cellar-drain, which lies down the slope, and hence drains it 

 well, and ttie first from the street by the deep street-ditch, 

 which is only 30 feet from this row, and averages four 

 feet deep from the level of the trees, and which runs to with- 

 in three or four trees from the east corner of the plat. The 

 cellar-drain affects the row northwest of itself very little in- 

 deed, because it is uphill from the row toward the drain, and 



