TILE DRAINAGE. 39 



would have been still greater ; this, too, in spite of the fact 

 that the shade in Fig. 9 is far the most dense and most inju- 

 rious to the wheat yield. In other fields, after more unfavor- 

 able winters I have sometimes seen tile drainage more than 

 double the wheat yield, and sometimes even make the entire 

 difference between a failure and a good crop. 



Now, the striking facts given above are not of my imagina- 

 tion, nor of my creation, except as I caused them, or, rather, 

 occasioned them, by tiling one plat and not the other. In- 

 deed, I had not noticed the effects so fully before this sum- 

 mer ; for, not very long after I tiled the orchard as described, 

 I left the farm for about eleven years, with only an occasion- 

 al visit. I had even almost forgotten that the land in plat 2 

 (.Fig. 8) was not fully tiled, though I saw in general that the 

 trees and crops were not so good there. But when I return- 

 ed to my farm this spring, residing on the farm now and 

 managing and working it myself, these facts thrust them- 

 selves upon my attention ; and the more carefully I exam- 

 ined them the more striking did they appear, and the more 

 surely were they seen to be due to tile drainage I presume 

 that, in all, over fifty gentlemen from various parts of the 

 State and of the United States have visited the farm dur- 

 ing the past four months. I have called the attention of 

 all of them to these facts, and all have agreed that they are 

 most striking, and most conclusively in favor of thorough 

 tile drainage, at least for orchards and wheat, on clayey 

 soils, even where quite rolling. 1 had the photographs tak- 

 en for Figs. 9 and 10, and others that follow, and now publish 

 them in order that there may be an exact, public, and per- 

 manent record of the facts an ocular demonstration of the 

 effects of drainage. 



EFFECTS OF TILE DRAINAGE UPON CLOVER. 



Some of my good friends who own and till farms of sandy 

 loam, or limestone " drift " soil, which are naturally drained, 

 fertile, and adapted to clover, wheat, fruits, and root crops, 



