TILE DRAINAGE. 43 



thereby. On the undrained part of the plat, Fig. 12, we got 

 very little clover, even with the use of superphosphate not 

 enough, as remarked already, to prevent the timothy from 

 being sold as " clear timothy" in any city market. In short, 

 tlie tile-drained land had good clover, and that not tiled had al- 

 most none, as seen in Figs. 11 and 12. The photographs were 

 taken June 5th. Neither the timothy nor the clover had be- 

 gun to head, as they had been kept back greatly by the late 

 and very disastrous May frost. 



EFFECTS OF TILE DRAINAGE ON THE VALUE OF MANURES 

 AND FERTILIZERS. 



In Chapter II., numbers 3 and 4, 1 have given the theory, 

 and the reason why tile drainage should increase the good 

 effects of manures and fertilizers. I now give a few facts. 



In the fall of 1889 I used $5.25 worth of best superphos- 

 phate per acre, on about 5 acres of wheat, and none on an- 

 other strip, side by side, of similar land and treated alike. 

 About a third of each strip was not then tile-drained; the rest 

 was. The fertilizer increased the wheat 11 bushels per acre, 

 giving 36 bushels per acre against 25 on the untiled ; that is, 

 it paid twice its cost the first crop. But the point now is, 

 that you could see little benefit on the untiled end of tJie strip ; 

 but on the tiled end I should judge the yield was doubled ; 

 while on the whole it was increased not quite 50 per cent. 

 This year I cut and raked and drew the hay on the two strips 

 separately. Five acres of the unfertilized gave 12 large 

 loads, and the fertilized five acres (10x80 rods) gave 16 large 

 loads, as nearly the same size as the men could make them. 

 But the gain on the untiled part (one-third the whole, and 

 clear timothy) was only one load, while the gain on the tiled 

 part (two-thirds of the whole and nearly clear clover) was 

 three loads instead of two, as it should have been to be in the 

 same ratio with the other. 



I could give other examples, but this will suffice. One 

 great advantage of tile drainage on clayey soils is, that it 



