TILE DUALIST AGE. 65 



ti cond, make the laterals parallel with some side of the 

 field, and thus with the direction of plowing and team work. 



A R E TH ES.K R U LES CO R RECT ? 



1 stated them about as above in a recent series of articles 

 in The National 8tocfcman, and gave a diagram covering most 

 of the points brought out in Fig. 8. A contributor to that 

 paper soon after criticised the rules and the methods ; and as 

 his criticism states a popular belief which I regard as incor- 

 rect, I will give that criticism condensed, and also the sub- 

 stance of my reply, with due credit to the paper named : 



He says (condensed), " I do not think Mr. C. is correct in 

 draining as the cut represents" 7 (straight down the slope, 

 according to rule 1). "I want the drains to run either 

 crosswise or diagonally from the way the field is to be 

 plowed, and also diagonally down the slope instead of 

 straight. Water naturally runs down hill, and it will not 

 run sldewise in order to get into the tiles. Now, if you plow 

 the field in the same way the drains run, the water will 

 follow the furrows a long distance before it will find a drain, 

 after the ground gets full enough of water for it to run. The 

 .soomv you </<t it to a drain, the better. I should run the mains 

 diagonally across the field, and the laterals diagonally the 

 other way/' This is the substance of the criticism on this 

 point. The entire criticism is based on the assumption that, 

 when rain comes abundantly enough to cause the tiles to 

 Mow, the action of the water is as follows : First, it soaks the 

 ground as full as it will hold, and then the surplus water 

 washes along ilu 1 surf (ice, or along the depressions of the 

 furrows, until it conies directly over a line of tiles, and then 

 soaks straight down into it. This is wholly wrong. The 

 water and drains should never act in this way. If the water 

 flows along the surface thus until it comes directly over the 

 drain, and then soaks down into it, first, it will gully and 

 wash the surface, and then it will wear small vertical channels 

 down into the drain, and carry grit down, and soon obstruct 



