94 



TILE DRAINAGE. 



ing-rods and stakes, and the position of the workman in 

 using the sighting- stick. * 



CUTTING THE GROOVES FOR THE TILES. 



The position of the workman in doing the work is shown in 

 Fig. 20 (page 80), the middle workman there being shown at 

 that work. But it is shown more accurately in Fig. 26, which 



Fig. 26. Position of workman using- the "bottoming- - scoop" or 

 " g-roove-cutter." Here he stands in the ditch, one side removed. 



shows simply one plumb side of the ditch and a workman 

 using the groove-scoop. My own custom is to remove the 

 crumbs with the double-ended four-inch scoop, and then cut 

 the groove for two or three inch tiles with a scoop of exactly 

 the right size, so that the tiles (two or three inch laterals) 

 shall lie snugly in the groove, unable to roll, and with no 

 chance for water to flow under the tiles and gully the bottom 

 out. In fall and winter the ! soil- water will commonly ooze 

 into the groove enough to show whether there are any de- 

 pressions in it, and whether the grade is right. There should 

 not be any depressions. If there are any, then, after the tiles 

 are^aid, sediment may slowly lodge in them and fill up the 

 tilefB>artly or entirely. If there is not enough soil-water to 



