112 TILE DRAINAGE. 



choose may investigate. It did not seem to me to lie quite 

 within the scope of this little book to investigate and devel- 

 op the matter. Its scope is to show advantages and meth- 

 ods of drainage for clayey and swampy lands that have out- 

 lets, without expensive pumping. There are many million 

 acres of such land ; and until much more of this is tiled, and 

 land advances in price more nearly to prices in Holland, it 

 does not seem to me that drainage by pumping will pay the 

 individual farmer unless it be in exceptional cases. When 

 the time comes that large areas of such land should be 

 drained it will probably need to be done by taxation placed 

 upon the land reclaimed, and proportioned to benefits to the 

 land. 



CHAPTER XI. 



Estimates : Sizes of Tiles Required : Cost of 

 Draining if Done Economically. 



SIZES OF TILK 



I discussed this matter quite fully in The Country Gentle- 

 man of Jan. 9, 1879. I have since seen no reason to change 

 my views, and therefore give that carefully prepared article 

 nearly entire, with due credit to that excellent paper: 



THE SIZE OF DRAINS. 



About the size of drains. I can not agree with Engineer and 

 P. Q., either theoretically or practically. We can never figure it 

 out from the annual rainfall and the discharging capacity of a 

 given-sized tile at a given rate, as, indeed, Engineer intimates. 

 But if we try, we must at least figure carefully on our assumed 

 data. For example, when we are told (page 759) that a one-inch 

 tile, discharging at the rate of four miles per hour, will discharge 

 all the water that falls on 3(> acres of land, we begin to figure as 

 requested. The rainfall for Ohio and most of New York we find 

 to be from 32 to 44 inches average 38 inches. In parts of Eastern 

 New York and of New England it is 44 to 56 inches average 50. 

 [American Cyclopaedia, last edition.] Take 38 as the basis. This 

 gives about 23% gallons to the square foot, from which we easily 

 find the number of gallons on ,,36 acres. By use of a formula 



