148 TILE DEAINAGE. 



Saturation, drainage lowers the line of 33, 23 



Swan, Robert J., reference to 5 



Sisson Brothers, reference to 5 



Stockman, National, reference to 6, 103 



Surplus water, how to remove and why 7, 11, 15, 16, 17, 1831, 137 



Soi Is, what onas need tiling 7,59,63,136 



temperature of affected by tiling 16, 17 



Sighting-stakes, or boning-rods 93,93 



Superphosphates more effective on tiled land 55 



Scope of the book 15 



Silt or sand working into tile drains 105 



Silt-basins 106, 107 



Storrs & Harrison Co. referred to 106 



Stones, use of for drains. . 5, 39, 107, 108 



Sizes of tiles, rules for determining size needed, and given 113116 



Thawing, a cooling process 17 



Tile drainage see Drainage. 



Tiles superseding other material for drains ..3,4 



44 round, superseding other shapes 4 



where to buy.. 131 



*' durability of and material for 4, 7477 



proper sizes for various areas 113116 



Tiling and tilling not to be confounded . 6 



what soils need it 7 



Tillage of surface to retain moisture 2335 



** does it pay better than grazing? 51 



Terry, T. B., references to 1, 5,31, 60, 104 



Typhoid germs saturating soil and polluting spring water 11, 12 



Trowbridge, W . 105 



Tools for drainage hand or machine? 78 



Trials of machines 78, 79 



Stones interfere with work 78, 79 



Mud and frost interfere with 79-81 



Common plow for deep farrow the only team-machine used. ... 79 



The hand-tools, spade for first course 81 



Bottoming-spade ....81, 139, 140 



Scoop for first course 81 



The bottoming-scoop, or groove-cutter 82 



The span-level 83 



The tile-hook 83 



The four-tined filling-hook 83,83 



The three-tiiied ditching-spade 91 



The foot-iron 89 



Shovel, crowbar, pick, iron rake, etc 84 



Sighting-stakes and boning-rods 93 



Townshend, Prof . N. S 110 



Vermin in drains 9699 



Velocity of flow in tile drains affected by grade and friction . . 113 



Wet feet, plants and trees dying of 8 



Winter- killing of wheat, clover, etc., diminished by drainage 32 



" explained 32,23 



Wind, why more drying than a still air 24 



Western Reserve, much of the soil benefited by drainage 61, 62 



" author's experience with its soils 62 



Waring, G. E 106, 115 



