162 PAPERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS. 



surely be taken and carried home to ascertain the appearance 

 of the imago. With this comes a desire to identify its genus 

 and species, and thus in a few seasons, or even in a single 

 one, the collector adds greatly to his stock of entomological 

 knowledge. 



If the search for leaf-miners is confined to forest trees, 

 with which it is probably best to begin, the most favourable 

 localities are the edges of a wood or forest bordering on culti- 

 vated fields, patches of young trees often found in fields, or 

 even isolated trees, and the borders of a wood along streams. 

 Some mines are most easily seen on the upper surface of the 

 leaf, and others most perceptible on the under surface, and 

 those which are transparent by placing the leaf between the 

 sky and the eye. 



The collector should be supplied with a tin box or canister 

 of convenient size in which to place the mined leaves, sepa- 

 rated from the tree at the end of the stalks, to prevent them 

 from withering. If the top fits securely, leaves and parts of 

 herbaceous plants may be kept fresh for several hours. He 

 will render good service if he describes in a note book, the 

 mine and the larva, both of which should be done with accu- 

 rate minuteness (retaining likewise the mined leaf and num- 

 bering it), and the particulars of its transformation to a pupa, 

 numbering the description and the vessel containing the leaf- 

 miner. Two insects that are distinct, or suspected to be dis- 

 tinct species, should never be placed in the same breeding 

 vessel. For the great majority of leaf-miners a common 

 tumbler or drinking-glass, the top of which is made level by 

 grinding with emery on a piece of sheet lead, covered with a 

 piece of glass and containing a little white sand moistened 

 with water, makes a very good breeding vessel. 



The leaf, or if a large one a portion of it, is stuck into the 

 moistened sand, and this together with the humid air of the 

 interior of the vessel keeps it fresh. 



Coleophora larvae do not bear well confinement in the humid 

 air of the breeding jar. To be successful in rearing the 



