190 PAPERS BY DR. B. CLEMENS. 



In early life the larva mines in a narrow, very serpentine 

 track, sometimes intricately winding, and much resembling 

 the mine of a Nepticula larva. It is perfectly transparent, 

 with a central line of " frass," but in consequence of exposure 

 to the weather, after its abandonment by the young larva, the 

 delicate cuticles of the leaf are destroyed. When the young 

 larva is about one line long, it appears to leave the linear 

 mine, and thenceforward it mines the leaves in blotches, en- 

 tering between the cuticles, from the under surface. These 

 blotches are perfectly transparent, or glassy in appearance, 

 when the leaf is held up to the light, and the larva, with its 

 peculiarities of colouring, is seen with perfect distinctness. 

 The point at which the larva raises the lower cuticle of the 

 leaf is maintained open and the terminal rings of its body 

 remain at this opening, or the larva retreats to it to void its 

 " frass " externally. One leaf is often inhabited by several 

 larvae. 



The lower surface of the leaf is occupied around the mined 

 places by numerous cross-threads, woven by the larva and 

 which resemble spider threads. These are freely traversed 

 by the larvae in moving from one part of the leaf to another. 



In locomotion the movements of the larva are those of a 

 half-looper. 



The larva is slender, rather moniliform and somewhat 

 flattened. The body is tuberculated along the sides of the 

 segments with round nodules. The terminal prolegs project 

 behind, like a little fork ; the abdominal prolegs are very 

 short and slender, and four in number ; the pair on the 8th 

 segment is rather larger than the others. 



It is beautifully coloured. General hue greenish, varied 

 with dark reddish, with six dark-reddish tubercles on each 

 side. On each side the 5th segment is a pair of white 

 tubercles, and two more pairs of the same hue on the 8th and 

 9th, and a single white one on each side of the 6th. Head 

 pale brownish, as well as the second segment. 



The pupa is naked, not inclosed in a cocoon, and is fixed 

 by the tail at the junction of cross-threads on the under sur- 



