12 



of the enormous requisitions annually made by lumbermen upon 

 our pine forests, is shown by the fact already referred to that during 

 the years 1870, 1871 and 1872, the average number of logs banked 

 upon the small streams tributary to the St. Lawrence and Ottawa 

 was over five and one quarter millions annually. 



The map which accompanies this report, and which is the joint 

 production of Prof. Robert Bell of the Geological Survey of 

 Canada and the writer, indicates our present knowledge of the 

 northern limits of distribution of the leading forest trees in Ontario, 

 Quebec and the Maritime Provinces. In the projection of this map 

 the sources of information have been largely derived from personal 

 observation of Prof. Bell and the writer, but, in addition, all reli- 

 able published lists have been consulted, and access has been had 

 to the private notes of the late Dr. John Bell, Dr. D. Maclagan, of 

 Edinburgh, and others ; whilst from Mr. James Richardson, Mr. 

 R. W. Ells, and some other members of the Geological Survey, and 

 from Prof. Macoun, of Belleville, Prof. Bailey and Mr. E. Jack, C. E., 

 of Frederickton, N.B., and Dr. Lawson, of Halifax, N.S., much val- 

 uable information has been obtained. Mr. A. J. Russell, of the 

 Crown Timber Office, Ottawa, has also supplied some data con- 

 nected with the distribution of the pine, besides being the source 

 of some important facts and statistics regarding timber limits and 

 the production of square timber, which have been freely made use 

 of in this report. Possibly, as the country is further explored, the 

 lines indicated on the map may be slightly changed, and some 

 trees may be found of local occurrence as in the case of the elm, 

 basswood, plane tree and maple in places considerably north of 

 the limits laid down, and our information regarding the range of 

 trees in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward's Island 

 is not quite so full as could be desired. The map will, however, be 

 found to fairly represent the northern limits of distribution. 



PRESERVATION OF THE TIMBER TREES. 



So important is the lumber industry in Canada, that, looked at 

 from a commercial point alone, perhaps no trade question has 

 around it so much of interest as that of the conservation of our 



