72 



a wide mouthed jar, allowing the roots to extend into water. 

 Cover part of plant above the circle with a jar and seal. 

 Compare amount of water given off with leaf area, Esti- 

 mate amount of water given off by a tree, a forest, a field of 

 corn or wheat. 



(d) Immerse geranium, coleus, some seedlings in hot water. An- 

 other set in cold water. Spread out in a dry room. Make 

 repeated comparisons during the day. Results. 



PATH OF LIQUIDS IN PLANTS. 



1. Experiments. 



(a) Insert the cut ends of a leafy shoot in colored water nastur- 

 tium, "touch-me-not," caladium, corn, horse-chestnut. Note 

 appearance of leaves. Make a cross section and longitu- 

 dinal section of the stem. Try different plants. In how 

 many are the colored areas in a circle? In how many are 

 they scattered irregularly? Associate arrangement of fibre, 

 vascular bundles, with structure of seed monocotyledons 

 and dicotyledons. 



RESPIRATION OF PLANTS. 



(a) Put some peas soaked from twelve to twenty-four hours in a 



pint fruit jar. Keep in a warm place securely sealed for 

 twenty-four hours. ' Remove cover and quickly pour into jar 

 some lime water and seal again. Note precipitation of cal- 

 cium carbonate. 



(b) Burn a splinter or sandle in a jar, forming carbon di-oxide. 



Pour in lime water. Note precipitation of calcium car- 

 bonate. 



(c) Through a tube, blow your breath into some lime water. Note 



precipitation of calcium carbonate. 

 Compare respiration of plants and animals. 



CARBON FOOD OF PLANTS. 



(a) Test corn starch with iodine to get the well known reaction 



for starch; cut a potato and scrape the cut surface into a 

 pulp; beans; corn. 



(b) Test leaves that have grown in light; in dark; seedlings. 



First remove chlorophyll by boiling in alcohol. 



