75 



(2) Relate shape of bill io food and manner of getting it. 



(c) Wing. 



(1) Short and round; long and slender. 



(2) Relate shape of wings to flight, food, and development 



of feet. 



(d) Tail. 



(1) Square; notched; fan-shaped; graduated; pointed for 



bracing; long and forked for steering; short and tipped 

 with spines for bracing. 



(2) Relate shape of tail to food getting. 



(e) Feet. 



(1) Weak; strong; webbed. 



(2) Compare feet and legs of divers, swimmers, waders. 



scratchers, climbers, perchers and birds of prey. 



(f) Movements. 



(1) Hopping, walking, creeping, climbing, flying, wading, 

 diving, swimming. 



(g) Flight. 



(1) Rapid direct, abrupt and zigzag; smooth and circling. 



(2) Slow flapping; sailing and soaring; flapping and sail- 



ing alternately; oblique flight; undulatory flight. 



(3) Relate flight to food getting. 

 III. Parts of a Bird. 



1. Head. 



(a) Culmen. 



(b) Upper mandibles. 



(c) Lower mandibles. 



(d) Forehead. 



(e) Crown. 



(f) Occiput. 



(g) Nape, 

 (h) Eyes. 



(i) Circum orbicular region, 

 (j) Ear. 



2. Body. 



(a) Back. 



(b) Inter scapular region. 



(c) Scapulars. 



(d) Rump. 



(e) Upper tail coverts. 



3. Wings. 



(a) Primary feathers. 



(b) Secondary feathers. 



(c) Tertiary feathers. 



(k) Circum auricular region. 



(1) Ear coverts. 



(m) Cheek. 



(n) Side of Neck. 



(o) Jugulum. 



(p) Throat. 



(q) Chin. 



(r) Submaxillary line. 



(s) Gape. 



(f) Tail feathers. 



(g) Lower tail coverts. 

 (h) Abdomen. 



(i) Breast, 



(j) Sides. 



(d) Greater wing coverts. 



(e) Middle wing coverts. 



(f) Lesser wing coverts. 



