96 



Plant. 



Parts roots, underground stem, leaves and sori. 

 Sori groups of brown bodies on under side of leaf. 

 Note location irregular distribution, regular. 



SUN. 



The sun is the great power for keeping the machinery of the uni- 

 verse in motion. It should be studied with great diligence. All 

 light, heat, moisture, condition of animals and plants are dependent 

 upon the relative positions of earth and sun. Weekly observations 

 should be recorded. 



Construct a "Shadow Stick.' 7 Fasten securely a piece of smooth 

 board 4x3x inches to the end of one 12x3xJ inches, forming a right 

 angle. Drive a post in the school yard. Make the top horizontal 

 and on it make a north and south line which will coincide with the 

 meridian of the place. Once a week, at noon, when the sun is on the 

 meridian, place the shadow stick parallel with the line, with the up- 

 right piece toward the sun. (Mark the shadow cast by a line on one 

 edge of the 12 inch board and record the date. Shadow will increase 

 in length from June 21 to December 21. As the shadow decreases 

 from December 21 to June 21, mark records on the opposite edge. 

 Compare records of March 21 and September 21. 



Put a semi-circular piece of cardboard in an east window and one 

 in a west window. Arrange an upright that will cast a shadow. 

 Mark shadow at same time each morning and evening. What rela- 

 tion do the morning shadows, September 21 and March 21, have to 

 the meridian line; the evening? 



The length of shadow varies inversely with temperature and length 

 of day. Arc through which the sun passes each day varies directly 

 with length of day and temperature. 



Compare force of morning, noon, and evening rays; of June and De- 

 cember rays. 'Compare climatic and life conditions of Arctic, tem- 

 perate and tropical areas. 



Children should now be able to make very accurate* observations 

 and to ascribe reasons for the phenomena observed. 



A copy of the United States Weather Bureau should be daily 

 studied. Observations should include: 

 Sky. 



Color dark, light, and grayish blue. 

 Twilight. 



Cause and period in summer and winter; colors of morning and 

 evening twilight; succession of lints and their cause, 

 Rainbow. 



Situation at different times; tints. 



