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(b) Coats. 



Sclerotic, choroid, cornea. 



(c) Internal structure. 



Aqueous humor, iris, crystalline lens, vitreous humor, retina, 



optic nerve. 



Remove the crystalline lens and place it over printed paper. It 

 magnifies the print. Relate this to the construction of lenses. 



Uses of Lenses. 



(a) Microscopes simple and compound. 



(b) Telescopes refracting and reflecting. 



(c) Cameras. 



(d) Spectacles. 



(e) Magic lanterns. . 



(f) Stereopticons. 



Hang a prism in the window. Catch refracted light the spectrum. 

 Much time should be spent in training children to a fine appreciation 

 of color in nature. 



Observe clouds at sunrise and sunset; difference between color of 

 summer and winter clouds. Rainbows, sundogs, halos and corona. 



Significance of color in flowers, fruit, birds, insects, shells and 

 animals. Contrast the coloring of the spring, summer, autumn, and 

 winter landscapes. 



Contrast color of seedlings grown in the dark, shade, and sunlight. 

 Why do house plants turn the upper surfaces of their leaves to the 

 light? Plants assimilate their food under the influence of sunlight. 

 The form of leaves and arrangement on the stem are for the purpose 

 of presenting the greatest leaf area to the light. Observe how the 

 leaves have adapted themselves for this purpose. A field lesson with 

 this point in view is of great profit. Compare plants of the same 

 variety grown in the woods and in the open; leaves of plants that 

 grow on the surface of water with those in the water; the trunks, 

 branches and leaves of trees in dense forests with those in open fields. 

 Compare light demanding trees with shade enduring trees. 



Effect of light upon eyes of animals. Compare eyes of mole, cat, 

 dog, owl, and horse. 



SOUNDS IN NATURE. 



So much of the nature study work is devoted to that which appeals 

 to the child through the eye, that sounds in nature are apt to escape, 

 and the phenomena of sound to be neglected. 

 Some sounds to be distinguished: 



Songs, call notes, alarm calls of different birds. 



Notes of different times of day and seasons. 



Flapping and fluheriniu of birds' wings. 



Music and musical instruments of insects. 



