106 



(e) Pumping. 



(d) Piping. 



(e) Use. 



(f) Advantages and disadvantages. 

 4. 'Systems of Heating. 



(a) Hot air. 



(b) Hot water. 



(c) Electricity. 



LIGHTING. 



1. Kinds of Lights. 



(a) Pine knots. 



(b) Oil-fat lamps. 



(c) Candles, tallow dips and molded. 



(d) Coal oil lamps. 



(e) Illuminating gas. 



(f) Electricity. 



2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Each. 



(a) Brilliancy. 



(b) Steadiness. 



(c) Economy. 



(d) Effects upon ventilation and furniture. 



3. Location of Lights. 



(a) Ceiling lights. 



(b) Side lights. 



SANITATION. 

 1. Study of Air. 



(a) Pressure. 



(b) Compressibility. 



(c) Elasticity. 

 Experiments. 



(1) Fill a glass with water; place a blotter securely over the top; 



turn the glass in every direction. Blotter does not fall from 

 the glass because air presses equally in all directions. 



(2) Partially fill a bottle with water; fit a glass tube of small 



bore, drawn to a point, through a cork. Place the cork in 

 the opening of the bottle making it air tight and extend 

 the tube under the water. Blow through the tube and ob- 

 serve the bubbles rising through the water. As the water 

 occupies the same space, the air must be compressed. 



(3) Apparatus same as in Ex. (2). After blowing through the 



tube remove the lips. Water comes from the glass tube in 

 a fine stream. The air being elastic, when it is compressed 

 tries to resume its normal density, presses in all directions, 



