336 CRUISINGS IN THE CASCADES 



ber of these .are collected they are cut out and a 

 squad of men drive them onto their proper ranges. 

 This process is called "throwing over." 



The cooks, teamsters, and wranglers usually move 

 camp up the river every morning to the next brand- 

 ing-pen, or to some other spot designated by the 

 foreman, to which rounders bring their cattle during 

 the day. A portion of the stock collected, called the 

 " cavoy," is carried along with the camp all the time 

 and herded by the "holders," but large numbers 

 after being branded are bunched and again thrown 

 off*onto the range each day. Thus the outfit moves 

 slowly up the stream, making a clean sweep of every- 

 thing to the middle of the divides on the east and 

 west, until the Wyoming roundup on the same 

 stream is met coming down. And now, having com- 

 pleted the work in hand, the outfit breaks up, and 

 the men return to the respective ranches on which 

 they are employed or go to other roundups where 

 their services are needed. 



The object of the fall roundup is to gather 

 in and cut out the fat steers and drive them to 

 the railroad stations for shipment to Eastern 

 markets. The work being almost entirely on adult 

 animals is even more laborious and hazardous 

 than that of the spring, where the majority of 

 animals actually handled are calves. Hard riding, 

 vigorous "cutting," and daring dashes into head- 

 strong, panic-stricken, stampeding herds are neces- 

 sary here, and roping and dragging out by main 

 strength are hourly occurrences. Branding-irons 

 are also carried along, and any calves missed on the 

 spring roundup, or dropped after it, are subjected to 



