26 DARWINISM TO-DAY. 



of living in accordance with these newly discovered condi- 

 tions of life. Nevertheless there has been from the day 

 of the close of the great first battle to the present moment a 

 steady and cumulating stream of scientific criticism * of the 

 Darwinian selection theories. In the last few years, it has, 

 as already mentioned in the preface and introductory chapter 

 of this book, reached such proportions, such strength and 

 extent, as to begin to make itself apparent outside of strictly 

 biological and naturo-philosophical circles. ' Such older 

 biologists and natural philosophers as von Baer, von Kolli- 

 ker, Virchow, Nageli, Wigand, and Hartmann, and such 

 others writing in the nineties and in the present century as 

 von Sachs, Eimer, Delage, Haacke, Kassowitz, Cope, 

 Haberlandt, Henslow, Goette, Wolff, Driesch, Packard, 

 Morgan, Jaeckel, Steinmann, Korschinsky, and de Vries, 

 are examples which show the distinctly ponderable char- 

 acter of the anti-Darwinian ranks. Perhaps these names 

 mean little to the general reader ; let me translate them into 

 the professors of zoology, of botany, of palaeontology, and 

 of pathology, in the universities of Berlin, Paris, Vienna, 

 Strassburg, Tubingen, Amsterdam, Columbia University, 

 etc.^ Now without knowing the man personally, or even 

 through his particular work, the general reader can safely 

 attribute to men of such position a certain amount of 

 scientific training, of proved capacity, and of special ac- 

 quaintanceship with the subject of their discussion. One 

 does not come to be a professor of biology in Berlin or 

 Paris or Columbia solely by caprice of ministers of educa- 

 tion or boards of trustees ; one has proved one's competency 

 for the place. To working biologists the names I have 

 given, of course, only a selection, and one particularly made 

 to show variety of interest (botany, zoology, palaeontology, 

 pathology) mean even more than the positions. They are 

 mostly associated with recognised scientific attainment and 

 .general intellectual capacity. 



