DARWINISM ATTACKED. 105 



the unexposed individuals. This means that these various, mostly 

 slight, blastogenic variations (although in such important organs 

 as the wings) which occur among bees at the time of their issuance 

 as active, winged creatures, are not of sufficient advantage or dis- 

 advantage to the individuals to lead to a weeding out (by death) 

 or saving of such varying individuals by immediate selective action. 

 Whatever the rigour and danger of the outdoor bee life, these 

 variations seem to be insufficient to cut any figure in the persist- 

 ence or non-persistence of any individual in the face of this rigour." 



18 Conn, H. W., "The Method of Evolution," pp. 72 ff., 1900. 



19 Wolff, G., "Beitrage zur Kritik der Darwin'schen Lehre," pp. 

 24 et seq., 1898. 



20 Plate, L., "Uber die Bedeutung des Darwin'schen Selections- 

 prinzip," pp. 17-18, 1903. 



21 Morgan, T. H., "Evolution and Adaptation," 1903. 



22 De Vries, in a recent paper ("Altere und Neuere Selektions- 

 methode," Biol. Centralbl., Vol. XXVI, pp. 385-395, 1906), describes 

 the new methods of plant amelioration adopted by the Svalfor Ver- 

 suchsstation (Sweden). These methods have been determined 

 largely by the acceptance of De Vries's mutations theory as a 

 working hypothesis. 



23 For account of the breeding and amelioration (artificial selec- 

 tion) of plants see Darwin, "Variation of Animals and Plants 



References to un ^er Domestication," many editions; Bailey, L. 

 books and papers H., "Plant-breeding," 4th ed., 1906; Hays, W. M., 

 on plant-breed- "Plant-breeding," Bull. 29, Div. Veg. Phys. and 

 kg- Path., U. S. Dept. Agric., 1901; Webber, H. ]., 



and Bessey, E. A., "Progress of Plant-breeding in the United 

 States," Yearbook of U. S. Dept. Agric., for 1889, pp. 465-490; 

 Kellogg, V. L., "The Scientific Aspects of Luther Burbank's Work," 

 Pop. Sci. Mo., pp. 363-374, Oct., 1906 (reprinted in Appendix to 

 chapter ix of this book). 



24 Pfeffer, Georg, "Die Umwandlung der Arten," pp. 19-20, 1894. 



25 De Vries, H., "Species and Varieties, their Origin by Mutation," 

 pp. 798-826, 1905. 



26 Korschinsky, S., "Heterogenesis und Evolution," Naturwiss. 

 Wochenschrift, Vol. XIV, p. 276, 1899. 



27 Coe, C. G., "Nature versus Natural Selection," 1894. A book 

 devoted wholly to denying any validity at all to natural selection. 



28 Delage, Yves, "L'Heredite," 2d ed,, p. 419, p. 843, 1903. 



29 Morgan, T. H., "The Origin of Species through Selection Con- 

 trasted with their Origin through the Appearance of Definite 

 Variations," Pop. Sci. Mo., pp. 54-65, May, 1905. 



