OTHER THEORIES OF SPECIES-FORMING. 35 



For special discussions of the inheritance of acquired characters, 

 see the following: Roth, E., "Die Thatsachen der Vererbung," 1885; 

 Ziegler, E., "Konnen erworbene pathologische Eigenschaften ver- 

 erbt werden und wie entstehen erbliche Krankheiten und Missbil- 

 dungen," 1886; Rohde, F., "Uber den gegenwartigen Stand der 

 Frage nach der Entstehung und Vererbung individuellen Eigen- 

 schaften und Krankheiten," 1896; Osborn, H. F., "Are Acquired 

 Variations Inherited," 1890; Elliott, D. G., "The Inheritance of 

 Acquired Characters," Auk, Vol. IX, pp. 77-IO4, 1892; Packard, A. 

 S., "On the Inheritance of Acquired Characters in Animals with 

 Complete Metamorphosis," Proc. Amer. Acad. Science, pp. 331- 

 370, 1894; Ritter, W. E., "On the Nature of Heredity and 

 Acquired Characters, and the Question of the Transmissibility of 

 these Characters," 1900; Wettstein, R. von, "Der Neo-Lamarckis- 

 mus und seine Beziehungen zum Darwinismus," 1903; Detto, Carl, 

 "Theorie der direkten Anpassung," 1904 (good bibliography of 

 papers on plant adaptations) ; Lendenfeld, R. V., "Variation and 

 Selection," Biol Centralbl, Vol. XXIII, p. 489 ff., and p. 563 ff., 

 1903; Pauly A., "Darwinismus und Lamarckismus," 1905; Lotsy, 

 J. P., "Vorlesungen iiber Descendenztheorien," Vol. I, chap, xii, 

 1906; Wheeler, W. M., "The Polymorphism of Ants," Bull of 

 Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXIII, pp. 1-93, Plate I- VI, January, 

 1907 (see especially pp. 50-90). Certain writers of sociologic and 

 philosophic interests, have discussed especially the possibility of the 

 inheritance of acquired mental capacities or qualities in man ; ex- 

 pressing a belief in such inheritance are Buchner, "Die Macht der 

 Vererbung und ihr Einfluss auf der moralischen und geistigen 

 Fortschritt der Menschheit," 1882, and Hartmann, E. V., "Philo- 

 sophic des Unbewussten," loth ed. ; against such an inheritance is 

 Rawitz, B., "Urgeschichte, Geschichte, und Politik," 1903. Most 

 important of all the discussions of the inheritance of acquired char- 

 acters are those of Weismann, Spencer, and Eimer. 



A recent American champion of Lamarckism is Caspar L. Red- 

 field, in whose writings ("Control of Heredity," 1903, "Evolution 



Eedfield'a of the Setter," in American Field, 1904 and 1905, and 

 position. "Breeding of the Trotter," in The Horseman, 1905) 



is urged the doctrine that acquired mental and dynamic qualities are 

 inherited. On a host of data, derived from the pedigrees and 

 records of trotting horses and setter dogs, Redfield keenly works out 

 his inductions regarding the inheritance by young of the special 

 qualities due to training and practice (acquirement) of the parents; 

 that is, the best offspring (from the sportsman breeder's point of 

 view) come from the best trained parents. There is a great deal 

 of ammunition for the advocates of Lamarckism in Redfield's 



