FORMS OF LAND TENURE IN THE UNITED STATES 297 



the whole, become more favorable to the tenant. In the earlier 

 days, when the butter and cheese were made on the farms, the 

 labor was performed by the tenant, or, more often, by his 

 wife. The introduction of the creamery and the cheese factory 

 has relieved the farmer's wife of this task, and the expense of 

 manufacturing these products in the creamery or the cheese 

 factory has been shared equally by landlord and tenant. 



Management of the farm. The landlord usually participates 

 in the management of the farm where the land-and-stock 

 share system is in use. This custom arises naturally out of the 

 fact that the landlord has a very large investment and is de- 

 pending upon the management of this property for his income. 

 On the other hand, the tenant is usually a young man, of much 

 less experience than his landlord and finds it profitable if not 

 always agreeable to his own feelings to be guided by the experi- 

 ence of the older man. 



It is usually stated in the agreement that the farm shall be 

 managed by mutual agreement of the landlord and the tenant. 

 It seems to be generally conceded by the tenant farmers that 

 where land is let on shares the landlord has a right to participate 

 in the management. 



Sharing the proceeds. The landlord and the tenant share 

 equally the proceeds of all sales and all increments and decre- 

 ments in the value of all partnership property. The division 

 of income should be made at once upon its receipt where large 

 sales are made. Small items should be settled once a month. 

 It is common, where milk is delivered to a butter or cheese 

 factory, to have separate checks made out for the landlord and 

 for the tenant so that no occasion for trouble may arise in 

 making the division. 



Division of partnership property at termination of lease. 

 The most favored system seems to be that of requiring the 

 tenant to divide the partnership stock of each kind into two 

 equal groups. Where the units are large, as in the case of the 

 dairy herd, it is common to balance small differences with a 

 fixed amount of cash. For example, if after every combina- 

 tion has been tried one bunch is thought by the tenant to be 



