RELATIONS BETWEEN LANDLORDS AND TENANTS 347 



yet they have always been willing to accept all that is of value 

 in the achievements of other countries, and we believe that as 

 America has profited by the experience of the English in the 

 development of factory legislation, so will she profit by a study 

 of the English agrarian legislation. 1 



Covenants Found in Norfolk Farm Leases, by W. Marshall 



[The following description of the Norfolk leases is taken from the 

 second edition of William Marshall's "Rural Economy of 

 Norfolk" (1795), pp. 70 to 80.] 



The following heads of a lease will place the general management 

 of a Norfolk estate in a clear and comprehensive point of view. They 

 are not, either in form or substance, copied, precisely, from the lease 

 in use upon any particular estate ; but exhibit, I believe, a pretty 

 faithful outline of the modern Norfolk lease. 



Landlord agrees, 1. To let certain specified premises, for a term 

 and at a rent, previously agreed upon. 



2. Also to put the buildings, gates, and fences in tenantable repair. 



3. Also to furnish rough materials, and pay half the workmen's 

 wages in keeping them in repair, during the term of the demise ; 

 willful or negligent damage excepted. 



4. Also to furnish the premises with such ladders as may be wanted 

 in doing repairs, or in preserving the buildings, in case of high winds, 

 fire in chimneys, etc. (an excellent clause). 



5. Also to furnish rough materials for keeping the gates, gate- 

 posts, stiles, etc., etc., in repair; or to furnish the materials ready 

 cut out ; tenant paying the usual price of labor for cutting out. 



6. Also to pay half the expense of such shores and ditches as he, 

 or his agent, shall direct to be made or renewed. 



Landlord reserves, 1. All minerals, fossils, marls, clays; with 

 liberty to work mines, quarries, and pits, and to burn lime and bricks 

 upon the premises ; likewise to carry away such minerals, etc., etc. ; 

 excepting such marl, or clay, as may be wanted for the improvement 

 of the farm. 



2. Also, all timber trees, and other trees and woods, underwood 

 and hedgewood; with liberty to fell, convert, char, and carry off 

 such timber or other woods ; excepting such thorns and bushes as 

 shall be set out by landlord, for making and repairing fences ; pro- 



1 Th« Agricultural Holdings Acts, 1Q0&-1914, by T. C. Jackson. 



