ANETHUM. 



soil (a light sandy loanO not being sufficient- 

 ly strong and tenacious. 



" Taylor, of Virginia, says that, ' according 

 to his experience, it will not succeed in lands 

 originally wet, however well they are drained.' 



"The opinion of the farmers generally in 

 this county is in favour of cutting herdsgrass 

 (Timothy) early rather than late ; perhaps for 

 the reason that the hay is then of a bright 

 green, and on this account commands in the 

 city market a higher price. If we can rely 

 upon chemical examination in determining 

 the nutritive properties of grasses, it will be 

 found that the grain in this respect, in cut- 

 ting herdsgrass when its seed is ripe over cut- 

 ting it when in flower, is as 86-1 to 37-2."] 



ANETHUM. See DILL and FEXNEL. 



ANEURISM. In farriery, a throbbing tu- 

 mour, produced by the dilatation of the coats 

 of an artery in some part of the body of an 

 animal. Aneurisms in the limbs may be cured 

 by making an incision, exposing the artery, 

 and tying it above and below the tumour with 

 a proper ligature. 



ANGELICA (Angelica Archangelica). This 

 plant was formerly blanched and eaten like 

 celery ; but at present its tender stalks are the 

 only part made use of, which are cut in May 

 for candying. 



It grows in gardens, and also wild. It 

 flowers in July and August in England, and 

 the roots perish after the seed has ripened. 

 This plant grows as high as eight feet ; the 

 stalks robust, and divided into branches. The 

 flowers are small, and stand in large clusters 

 of a globular form. Two seeds follow each 

 flower. 



It may be grown in any soil and exposure, 

 but flourishes best in moist situations ; conse- 

 quently the banks of ponds, ditches, &c., are 

 usually allotted to it. It is propagated by 

 seed, which is to be sown soon after it is ripe, 

 about September, being almost useless if pre- 

 served until the spring, as at that season not 

 one in forty will be found to have preserved 

 its vegetative powers ; if, however, it be ne- 

 glected until that season, the earlier it is in- 

 serted the better. It may be sown either 

 broadcast moderately thin, or in drills a foot 

 asunder, and half an inch deep. When arrived 

 at a height of five or six inches, they must be 

 thinned, and those removed transplanted to a 

 distance of at least two feet and a half from 

 each other, either in a bed, or on the sides of 

 ditches, &c., as the leaves extend very wide. 

 Water in abundance must be given at the time 

 of removal, as well as until they are establish- 

 ed; but it is better to discontinue it during their 

 further growth, unless the application is regu- 

 lar and frequent. In the May or early June of 

 the second year they flower, when they must 

 be cut down, which causes them to sprout 

 again ; and if this is carefully attended to, they 

 will continue for three or four years, but if 

 permitted to run to seed, they perish soon after. 

 A little seed should be saved annually as a re- 

 source in case of any accidental destruction 

 of the crop. (G. W. Johnson's Kitchen Garden.) 



Angelica is fragrant when bruised, and every 

 part of it is medicinal. The bruised seeds are 

 I the most powerful. They are cordial and su- 

 13 



ANIMALS. 



dorific. Three table-spoonfuls of the distilled 

 water is a remedy for ilatulence and pains in 

 the stomach. A paste of the fresh root of an- 

 gelica, beaten up in vinegar used to be carried 

 by physicians in times of great contagion, to 

 apply to the nose. Some preferred holding a 

 dry piece in their mouths, to resist infection. 

 It has always been celebrated against pestilen- 

 tial and contagious diseases. The stalks of 

 the angelica candied are much esteemed in 

 winter desserts as a sweetmeat in England. 

 The Laplanders boil or bake the stalks till ex- 

 tremely tender, and eat them as a delicacy. 

 The seeds bruised are cordial, stomachic, and 

 sudorific. (L. Johnson.) 



ANGINA. In farriery, a name sometimes 

 applied to the quinsy, or what in animals is 

 termed anticor. 



ANGLE-BERRY. In farriery, a sort of fleshy 

 excrescence, to which cattle and some other 

 animals are subject under different circum- 

 stances ; and are supposed to proceed from a 

 rupture of the cutaneous vessels, which give 

 vent to a matter capable of forming a sarcoma, 

 or fleshy excrescence. They frequently appear 

 upon the belly and adjacent parts, hanging 

 down in a pendulous manner. 



ANGORA GOAT. A particular species of 

 goat. 



ANIMAL. A creature that is endowed with 

 life, and commonly with spontaneous motion, 

 though in some cases without it. They are 

 distinguished in general I'mm vegetables by 

 havinir motion, though this gives us no perfect 

 definition, as there are entire classes of ani- 

 mals which are fixed to a place, as the litho~ 

 phytes and zoophytes, which are produced and 

 die upon the same spot ; and on the other hand, 

 certain vegetables have as much motion in 

 their leaves and flowers as certain animals. 

 However, by attending to the most general 

 characters, they may be defined to be bodies 

 endued with sensation and motion necessary 

 to preserve their life. They are all capable 

 of reproducing their like : some by the union 

 of the sexes, produce small living creatures ; 

 others lay eggs, which require a due tempera- 

 ture to produce young ; some multiply without 

 conjunction of the sexes ; and others are re- 

 produced when cut in pieces like the roots of 

 plants. (See BOTANT ; also a series of articles 

 on the "History of British Animals," Quart. 

 Journ. Agric., vol. i. pp. 219 537, and vol. ii. 

 p. 637.) 



ANIMALS, DANGEROUS. See NUISANCE. 



ANIMALS, WILD, STEALING OF. In 

 England no larceny at common law (says Mr. 

 Archbold in his Crim. Law, p. 165) can be 

 committed of such animals, in which there is 

 no property either absolute or qualified ; as of 

 beasts that are /era? naturae, and unreclaimed, 

 such as deer, hares, and conies, in a forest, 

 chase, or warren ; fish, in an open river or 

 pond ; or wild fowls, rooks for instance (Han- 

 man v. Hncketf, 2 B. & C. 934; 4 D. & R. 518), 

 at their natural liberty. (1 Halt, 511; Post. 

 366.) But if they are reclaimed or confined, 

 and may serve for food, it is otherwise ; for of 

 deer so enclosed in a park that they may be 

 taken at pleasure, fish in a trunk or net, and 

 pheasants or partridges in a mew, larceny may 



