BUGLE-HORN. 



BURGLARY. 



herb carpenter. The roots (says Smith) are i bulbs, are often, as it were, starved, when the 

 slightly astringent; but the herb has little taste 

 or smell, and still less of any healing or vul- 

 nerary property. The white variety abounds in 

 the Isle of Wight ; and a flesh-coloured one has 

 sometimes been observed. In dry mountain- 

 ous situations the plant acquires a consider- 

 able degree of hairiness. The French, who 

 are great herbalists, affirm, that "with bugle 

 and sanicle, no one needs a surgeon." 



Besides the common bugle, Smith, in his 

 English Flora, (vol. iii. p. 65 67), enumerates 

 three other species, the alpine bugle, pyrami- 

 dal bugle, and ground pine or yellow bugle 

 (Jljuga chamcepitys'). 



BUGLE-HORN (from bucula, a heifer). A 

 wind-instrument, much more commonly em- 

 ployed in the sports of the field formerly than 

 at present. It has been, however, in our days, 

 much improved for musical purposes by the 

 introduction of keys. 



BUGLE -WEED (Virginian lycopus), a 

 creeping perennial found in the Middle States, 

 frequenting swamps and moist woodlands, 



Jrodueing minute white flowers in June and 

 uly. It constitutes a prominent article in the 

 materia medica of certain German empirics, 

 in the city of Lancaster, and other parts of 

 Pennsylvania, who prescribe an infusion as 

 a certain remedy for a "dry liver," an infirmity 

 which, they allege, afflicts a large proportion 

 of those credulous persons who consult them. 

 (See Flor. Ceslrica.') 



BULB (Lat. bulbus ; Gr. /Scx&c). A bud 

 usually formed under ground, having very 

 fleshy scales, and capable of separating from 

 its parent plant. Occasionally it is produced 

 upon the stem, as in some lilies. It contains 

 the rudiments of the future plant, and partakes 

 of the character of the bud (which see). In 

 bulbous plants, as the tulip, onion, or lily, 

 what we generally call the root is in fact a 

 bulb or hybernaculum, or winter case, which 

 incloses and secures the embryo or future 

 shoot. At the lower -part of this bulb may be 

 observed a fleshy disk, knob, or tubercle, 

 whence proceed a number of fibres or threads. 

 This knob, with the fibres attached to and 

 hanging from it, is, properly speaking, the true 

 root ; the upper part being only the cradle or 

 nursery of the future stem, which, being re- 

 placed a certain number of times, the bulb 

 perishes; but not till it has produced at its 

 sides a number of smaller bulbs or cloves for 

 perpetuating the species. In bulbous plants, 

 where the stalk and former leaves of the plant 

 are sunk below, into the bulb, the radicles or 

 small fibres that hang from the bulb are to be 

 considered as th root ; that is, the part which 

 furnishes nourishment to the plant : the several 

 rinds and shells whereof the bulb chiefly con 

 sists successively perish, and shrink up into 



so many dry skins, betwixt which, and in their 



centre, are formed other leaves and shells, and 



thus the bulb is perpetuated. There are' several 



kinds of bulbs; namely, 1. The tunicated bulb 



(Bulbus tunicatus'), formed of thin membranous 



layefS, as, for example, the onion : 2. The scaly 

 bulb (B. squammosus), formed of fleshy abortive 

 leaves, not in layers, as in the lily. The cloves, 

 which are produced between the scales of 

 236 



bulb throws up a vigorous flowering stem; 

 hence, in order to propagate bulbs, the flower- 

 ng stem should be destroyed as soon as it 

 appears. 



BULLACE TREE, WILD (Pruntuinsitilia'). 

 A small tree, chiefly growing in hedges and 

 plantations, with irregularly-spreading round 

 tranches, for the most part tipped with a sharp 

 straight thorn. There are several varieties of 

 the black kind, differing in size and flavour, 

 some good even in a fresh state, and of more 

 or less excellence when dressed. (Smith's 

 Eng. Flor. vol. ii. p. 356). 



BULLEN. A provincial name applied to the 

 hempstalk when the bark is stripped from it. 



BULRUSH (Scirpus larustris). A peren- 

 nial found commonly in clear ditches, ponds, 

 and the borders of lakes and rivers ; flowers 

 n July and August. (Smith's Flora, vol. i. 

 p. 56.) From this plant the bottoms of chairs, 

 mats, &c. are made. The common bulrushes 

 of the English marshes, which bear masses 

 of brown flowers, are . the Typha latifolia and 

 angustifolia. See RUSH. 



BUNIAS. . The oriental bunias (Bunias 

 orientalis, PI. 9, fc) is a perennial plant, with 

 leaves, branches, and its general habit of 

 herbage, not unlike the wild chiccory. It is a 

 native of the Levant or eastern shores of the 

 Mediterranean, and has been cultivated by 

 way of experiment in the grass garden at 

 Woburn. It is less productive than chiccory, 

 bears mowing well, and affords the same nu- 

 triment, in proportion to its bulk, as red clover. 

 (London's Ency. of Agr.) 



BUR. The rough head of the burdock, &c. 



BURDOCK (Arctium}. There are two spe- 

 cies, the A. lappa, common burdock or clot- 

 bur, and the Jl. lardana, woolly-headed bur- 

 dock. This very cumbrous weed is removed 

 the first year of its growth by stubbing, like 

 other things comprehended by farmers under 

 the name of docks, and paid for accordingly to 

 the weeder. It is also very commonly found 

 in waste ground, by waysides, and among 

 rubbish. (Smith's Eng. Flora, vol. iii. p. 379.) It 

 grows a yard high, with large leaves of a tri- 

 angular shape, and of a whitish green colour. 

 The stalks are round, solid, and tough. The 

 florets are small and red, and they grow among 

 the prickles of those heads called burs, which 

 stick to the clothes of passers-by. The root 

 is long and thick, brown outside, and whitish 

 within. The plant is a biennial, and flowers 

 in July and August. The root in decoction is 

 a diuretic and sudorific ; but it is of little va- 

 lue, except as a vehicle for more important 

 medicines in some affections of the skin. This 

 is a great remedy among village doctresses, 

 who sometimes apply the bruised leaves to the 

 soles of the feet in hysterics. Either the root 

 or seeds decocted, or infused, are equally use- 

 ful with the leaves. The root of the lesser 

 burdock, or xanthium (Bardana minor'), has a 

 bitter and acrid flavour, and is useful in scro- 

 fulous disorders. A decoction of the root 

 should be persevered in for a considerable 

 length of time. 



BURGLARY. The breaking in,to a dwell- 

 ing-house in the night with a felonious intent. 



