BURGOT. 



BURNING. 



The 7 W. 4, & 1 Viet. c. 86, s. 2, enact, that 

 whosoever shall burglariously break and enter 

 into any dwelling-house, and shall assault with 

 intent to murder any person being therein, or 

 shall stab, cut, wound, beat, or strike any such 

 person, shall be guilty of felony, and being 

 convicted thereof shall suffer death. S. 3 en- 

 acts, that whosoever shall be convicted of the 

 crime of burglary shall be liable, at the dis- 

 cretion of the court, to be transported beyond 

 the seas for the term of the natural life of such 

 offender, or for any term not less than ten 

 years, or to be imprisoned for any term not 

 exceeding three years. S. 4 enacts, that, so 

 far as the same is essential to the offence of 

 burglary, the night shall be considered to 

 commence at nine of the clock in the evening 

 of each day, and to conclude at six of the 

 clock in the morning of the next succeeding 

 day. (Jlrchbolri's Crim. Lmc.) 



BURGOT. A provincial word applied to 

 yeast. It is sometimes pronounced burgood. 



BUR-MARIGOLD (fiidens). This is an 

 herbaceous, mostly annual, genus of plants, 

 flowering in August and September. It is met 

 with very frequently in watery places, and 

 about the sides of ditches and ponds. There 

 are two species, with one or two varieties in 

 each. In the three-lobed bur-marigold (B. 

 nipurtita), the root is tapering with many 

 fibres; stem two or three feet high, erect, 

 solid, smooth, leafy, with opposite axillary 

 branches. Leaves dark green, strongly ser- 

 rated, in three deep segments, sometimes five. 

 Flower, terminal, solitary, of a brownish-yel- 

 low, somewhat drooping, devoid of beauty and 

 of fragrance. Seeds with two or three prickly 

 angles, and as many erect bristles ; likewise 

 prickly with reflexed hooks, by which they stick 

 like burs to any rough surface, and are said 

 sometimes to injure fish by getting into their 

 gills. The herb of this species gives a yellow 

 colour to woollen or linen. The nodding bur- 

 marigold (B. cernna) has a root with many 

 slout fibres, herb more erect and taller, with 

 less extended branches than the foregoing 

 species. Leaves undivided, pointed, and less 

 deeply serrated. Flowers drooping, though 

 their stalks are quite straight to the very sum- 

 mit; larger and handsomer than the last. 

 (Smith's Eng. Flora, vol. iii. p. 398.) 



Among the species of bidens or bur-mari- 

 gold, found in the United States, are the follow- 

 ing : the chrysanthemum-like bidens, common- 

 ly called beggar-ticks, an annual ; and the 

 bipinnate bidens, popularly called Spanish 

 needles. These and the other American spe- 

 cies of bidens or burweed are noted for mature 

 akenes adhering, by their barbed awns, to the 

 clothing of those who go among them in au- 

 tumn. They are rather troublesome weeds 

 along fence-rows, &c., and bloom and ripen 

 their seeds late in the season. 



BURNET, COMMON (Pimpinella saxi- 

 /rager). There are three species of burnet; 

 namely, burnet saxifrage, dwarf burnet, and the 

 greater burnet. The common burnet plant 

 (Plate 9, a) was, a quarter of a century since, 

 much cultivated as a green crop, from its 

 being able to thrive on very poor, thin, and 

 sandy soils, but it has been gradually super- 



seded by better grasses. Its growth is rather 

 slow. Cattle prefer it to clover and rye-grass, 

 but sheep do not. (Ann. of Jlgr. vol. i. p. 394.) 

 It is sown in spring-time, the same as other 

 grass seeds, and withstands severe weather. 

 It should be fed off when young (Ibid. vol. ii. 

 p. 176) ; and then, says Arthur Young, "it is 

 one of the best grasses for sheep" ( Ibid. p. 369), 

 who are at that stage of its growth exceed- 

 ingly fond of it. About 7 Ibs. of seed suffice 

 for an acre (Ibid. vol. xvi. p. 355) ; and the 

 produce is six or seven bushels per acre, on 

 moderate land. (Ibid. vol. xx. p. 237.) 



BURNET, SALAD, SMALL or UPLAND 

 (Poteriwn sanguisorba, from the Greek mtupnv, a 

 cup, used in cool tankards). The stem, which 

 is angular, smooth, and leafy, rises one to two 

 feet high, furnished with glaucous-green, 

 smooth, pinnated leaves, with sharply cut 

 stipules, in pairs at the base of the footstalk. 

 The flowers are fertile and barren; the latter 

 with crimson stamens resembling elegant silk 

 tassels. (Smith.) It delights in a dry, poor 

 soil, abounding in calcareous matter; any light 

 compartment that has an open exposure, there- 

 fore may be allotted to it, the only beneficial 

 addition that can be applied being bricklayers' 

 rubbish or fragments of chalk. A small bed 

 will be sufficient for the supply of a family. It 

 may be propagated either by seed, or by slips 

 and partings, or offsets of the roots. The 

 seed may be sown towards the close of Febru- 

 ary, in open weather, and thence until the close 

 of May; but the best time is in autumn, as 

 soon as it is ripe ; for if kept until the spring, 

 it will often fail entirely, or lie in the ground 

 until the same season of the following year, 

 without vegetating. It may be inserted in 

 drills, six inches apart, or broadcast ; in either 

 mode, thin, and not buried more than half an 

 inch. The plants must be kept thoroughly 

 clear of weeds throughout their growth. 

 When two or three inches high, they may be 

 thinned to six inches apart, and those removed 

 placed in rows at the same distance, in a poor, 

 shady border, water being given occasionally 

 until they have taken root, after which they 

 will require no further attention until the au- 

 tumn, when they must be removed to their 

 final station, in rows a foot apart. When of 

 established growth, the only attention requisite 

 is to cut down their stems occasionally in 

 summer, to promote the production of young 

 shoots, and in autumn to have the decayed 

 stems and shoots cleared away. If propagated 

 by partings, &c. of the roots, the best time for 

 practising it is in September and October. As 

 it grows freely from seed, this is not usually 

 practised. They are planted at once where 

 they are to remain, and only require occa- 

 sional watering until established. The other 

 parts of their cultivation are as for those 

 raised from seed. For the production of seed, 

 some of the plants must be left ungathered 

 from, and allowed to shoot up early in the 

 summer ; they flower in July, and ripen abun- 

 dance of seed in the autumn. The leaves 

 taste and smell like cucumbers, thence the 

 plant is used to flavour salads. (G. W. John- 

 son's Kitchen Garden.') 



BURNING. SeeARSox. 



237 



