DAIRY. 



but the admixture of blood is very small if any ; 

 and if any, it is not known, whether Durham, 

 or Ayrshire, or what. There is nothing but 

 her colour, which indicates any difference from 

 our best formed native stock. She has some 

 progeny by an Ayrshire bull, which are very 

 promising. 



1 " Cow of S. Henshaw, Springfield. 17f Ibs. of 

 butter per week, and in one case, 21 Ibs. of ex- 

 cellent butter. In 4$ days, that is 4 days and 

 one milking, she produced 14 Ibs. 3 oz. of but- 

 ter, at the rate of 22$ Ibs. per week. 



Cow of 0. Morris, Springfield. "The summer 

 after she was seven years old, the quantity of 

 butter made from her between the first day of 

 April and the first of September, five months, 

 was 206 Ibs. During the time, we used milk 

 and cream in the family freely. Some weeks 

 me have made 14 Ibs., exclusive of milk and 

 cream used for family purposes. I have often 

 weighed her milk in the month of June, and 

 she has frequently yielded 31. Ibs. at one milk- 

 ing at night. We have been particular to have 

 her milked in the summer at five o'clock in the 

 morning and at seven o'clock in the evening, 

 and always by the same person. I think much 

 of regularity in the times of milking ; and that 

 one person only should be permitted to milk 

 the same cow the same season. My cow has 

 always had a good milker, and her milk has 

 been rapidly drawn. Her food in the winter is 

 good hay, and in addition thereto from 2 to 4 

 quarts of rye-bran at noon. I feed and give 

 her water three times each day. In the sum- 

 mer, besides the pasture, she has 4 quarts of 

 rye-bran at night. From the experience I have 

 had with this cow, I feel quite sure that many 

 cows which have been considered as quite or- 

 dinary, might, by kind and regular treatment, 

 good and regular feeding and proper care in 

 milking, have ranked among the first-rate." 



For their dairy products these examples of 

 native New England cows are certainly admir- 

 able. They do not, however, equal those re- 

 ported of many Durhams in our country, 

 among which may be mentioned the Belina of 

 Mr. John Hare Powell of Pennsylvania, an im- 

 proved Durham, which yielded repeatedly 26 

 quarts of milk in 24 hours, and produced in 

 three days 8 Ibs. 13 oz. of butter; or at the rate 

 of 20 Ibs. per week ; the feed consisted of 

 slop composed of Indian meal, with clover and 

 orchard-grass. One quart of the cream pro- 

 duced 1 Ib. 5 oz. of butter. In one instance 

 two minutes, arid in another only three se- 

 conds were required to convert the cream into 

 butter. 



The celebrated Blossom, also an improved 

 Durham short-horn cow, owned by Mr. Canby, 

 in Delaware, gave 253$ quarts per week, being 

 an average of 36 quarts per day ; from which 

 were made 17 Ibs. of well-worked butter. 



The famous Durham cow Dairy Maid, be- 

 longing to Mr. James Gowen of Germantown 

 near Philadelphia, yielded 83 quarts of milk 

 per day. 



Neither do any of these distinguished milch 

 cows equal in dairy qualities the celebrated 

 Cramp cow, owned in Lewes, England, which 

 still bears the palm both abroad and at home. 

 She was 'of the Sussex breed, and came of a 

 394 



DAIRY. 



celebrated stock. Her performances recorded 

 were as follows : 



"From the first day of May, 1805, the day she 

 calved, to the second day of April, 1806, a 

 space of forty-eight weeks and one day, her 

 milk produced 540 Ibs. of butter. The largest 

 amount made in any one week, was 15 Ibs. 

 From May to June, she gave 20 quarts por 

 day. From 20th June, to 10th September, 

 18$ quarts. In forty-seven weeks, she pro- 

 duced 4,921 quarts of milk. 



"In the next year, from 19th day of April 



1806, the day she calved, to the 27th February 



1807, forty-five weeks, she produced 450 Ibs. of 

 butter. The largest amount per week was 12 

 Ibs. The quantity of milk for the time was 4,137 

 quarts. During this year, she was sick anc 

 under a farrier's care three weeks after calv- 

 ing. She went dry seventeen days only. 



"In the third year,from the 6th of April, 1807 

 the day she calved, up to the 4th April, 1808 

 fifty-one weeks and four days, she produced 

 675 Ibs. of butter. The largest amount made 

 in a week was 18 Ibs. The quantity of milli 

 given in that time was 5,782 quarts. In the 

 fourth year, from the 22d April, 1808, the da) 

 she calved, to the 13th February, 1809, fort)', 

 two weeks and three days, she produced 46f 

 Ibs. of butter. The quantity of milk given in 

 the time was 4,219 quarts. In the fifth year 

 from April 3d, 1809, to May 8th, fifty-sever 

 weeks, her produce in butter was 594 Ibs. Th( 

 amount of milk given in the time was 5,361 

 quarts. The largest quantity of butter in an) 

 week was 17 Ibs. This is the most extraordi 

 nary cow of which we have any record 

 Though it has been presented to the public 

 before, yet the account may not be accessible 

 to all ; and I deem it useful to state the mode 

 of her treatment. 



"In the summer season, she was fed on clo 

 ver, lucerne, rye-grass and carrots, three 01 

 four times a day ; and at noon, about four gal 

 Ions of grains and two of bran, mixed together 

 always observing to give her no more feec 

 than she eats up clean. In the winter season 

 she -was fed with hay, grains, and bran, mixec 

 as before stated, feeding her often, viz., five 

 or six times a day, as was seen proper, anc 

 giving her food when milking; keeping the 

 manger clean, where she is fed with grains 

 not to let it get sour; wash her udder at millc 

 ing three times with cold water, winter anc 

 summer; never tied up ; lies in or out the barr 

 as she likes ; particularly careful to milk hei 

 regularly and clean. Milch cows are ofterj 

 spoiled for want of patience at the latter end 

 of milking them." 



With regard to the merits of the Durham 

 breed, about which such a variety of opinions 

 have been entertained, Mr. Colman expresses 

 himself as follows : 



" The beauty of the improved Durham short- 

 horns and their perfection of form are admira- 

 ble. They come with good keeping early tc 

 maturity. They have a tendency to keep them- 

 selves in good condition ; and, with extraordi- 

 nary feeding and care, they arrive at a large 

 size, and some individuals, all points consider- 

 ed, have surpassed anything within my know- 

 ledge. The Claremont ox, a half-blood Dur 



