FARM-YARD MANURE. 



FARM-YARD MANURE. 



yielded M. Saussure 48 parts of ashes; the 

 'same quantity of the dry straw of barley yielded 

 42 parts of ashes. The portion dissipated by 

 the fire would be principally carbon (char- 

 coal), carburetted hydrogen gas, and water: 

 100 parts of these ashes are composed of 



Farts. 



Various soluble salts, principally carbon- 

 ate and sulphate of potash - - - 22-50 

 Phosphate of lime (earthy salt of bones) - 6-2 

 Chalk (carbonate of lime) - - 1 



Silica (flint) 61-50 



Metallic oxide (principally iron) - - 1 

 Loss 7-8 



100 



The straw of barley contains the same in- 

 gredients, only in rather different proportions. 



The fresh urine of the cow has been ana- 

 lyzed by Mr. Brande; he found in 100 parts 

 the following ingredients : 



Parts. 



Water 65 



Phosphate of lime ------ 3 



Muriate of potash, muriate of magnesia - 15 

 Sulphate of potash - - - - -6 



Carbonate of potash, carbonate of ammonia 4 



Urea - - 4 



Loss 3 



The urine of cattle, after it had been putre- 

 fying for a month, was analyzed by Dr. Spren- 

 gel, and found to contain the following ingre- 

 dients : 



Parts by 

 Weight. 



Water - ' 95-442 



Urea, and resinous matter - - - 1" 



Mucus -04 



Benzoic acid "1 Combined with |" - - -25 



Lactic acid ' potash, soda,! '5 



Acetic acid j and ammonia, ] - - '001 



Carbonic acid J forming salts 1. - - '165 



Ammonia partly uncombined - '487 



Potash '664 



Soda -554 



Sulphuric acid ------ -338 



Phosphoric acid ----- -026 



Chlorine -272 



Lime '002 



Magnesia -02J 



Sulphuretted hydrogen - -001 



Silica -005 



Oxide of iron - '001 



Sediment (phosphate and carbonate of 



lime, and magnesia, alumina, &c.) - '18 



100-000 

 {Jour. Roy. Jigr. Sac. vol. vi. p. 467.) 



According to Block, 100 Ibs. of chopped rye 

 straw, given as fodder to horses, yield 42 Ibs. ; 

 100 Ibs. of hay, 45 Ibs.; 100 Ibs. of oats, 51 

 Ibs.; 100 Ibs. of rye, 53 Ibs. of dried excre- 

 ments (fluid and solid). The solid excrements 

 of horses fed on hay, oats, and straw, contain 

 according to the analysis of M. Zierl, in 1000 

 parts 



Parts. 



Water - ----- 698 



Picromel and salts 20 



Bilious and extractive matter - 



Green matter, albumen, mucus, &.C. - - 63 



Vegetable fibre, and remains of food - 202 



1000 



These, when burnt, yielded to the same 

 chemist 60 parts by weight of ashes, which 

 were composed of 



Parts. 



Carbonate, sulphate, and muriate of soda 5 

 Carbonate and phosphate of lime 9 



Silica 46 



(Jour. Ren. Jgr. Sac. vol. i. p. 499.) 

 456 



1000 parts of the urine of the horse contain, 



according to the analysis of MM. Fourcroy and 



r auquelin (Thomson's Chem. vol. iv. p. 348), 



Paris. 



Carbonate of lime (chalk) - - - - 11 



Carbonate of soda ----- 9 



Benzoate of soda ----- 21 



Muriate of potash ----- 9 



Urea 7 



Water and mucilage ----- 940 



1000 



The fasces of cattle fed principally on turnips 

 ave been analyzed by M. Einhof. 100 parts 

 vaporated to dryness yielded 2S parts of 

 olid matter; the 71$ parts lost in drying 

 /ould consist principally of water and some 

 mmoniacal salts. In half a pound, or 3840 

 rains, he found 45 grains of sand ; and by dif- 

 using it through water he obtained about 600 

 rains of a yellow fibrous matter, resembling 

 lat of plants, mixed with a very considerable 

 uantity of slimy matter. By evaporating the 

 aeces to dryness, and then burning them, he 

 ibtained an ash which contained, besides the 

 and, the following substances : 



Parts. 



Lime 12 



Phosphate of lime ----- 12-5 



Magnesia ------- 



Iron --------5 



Alumina, with some manganese - - 14 



Silica 52 



Muriate and sulphate of potash - - 1'2 



The ingredients of which the urine and 

 geces of cattle are composed, will, of course, 

 differ slightly in different animals of the same 

 nnd, and according to the different food upon 

 vhich they are fed; but this difference will not 

 n any case be found very material. 



The excrements of the sheep have been ex- 

 amined by Block ; according to him, every 100 

 bs. of rye-straw given as fodder to sheep yield 

 40 Ibs. of excrements (fluid and solid) ; from 

 100 Ibs. of hay, 42 Ibs.; from 100 Ibs. of pota- 

 oes, 13 Ibs.; from 100 Ibs. of green clover, 8 

 bs.; and from 100 Ibs. of oats, 49 Ibs. of dry 

 excrement. The solid excrements of sheep 

 'ed on hay were examined by Zierl : 1000 parts 

 by weight, being burnt, yielded 96 parts of 

 ashes, which were found to consist of 



Parts. 



Carbonate, sulphate, and muriate of soda 16 

 Carbonate and phosphate of lime - - 20 

 Silica - -60 



96 



100 parts of the urine of sheep kept at grass 

 contained 



Water - - - 



Urea, albumen, &c. 



Salts of potash, soda, lime, magnesia, 



Parts. 

 - 96 



c. 1-2 

 100-0 



(Journ. Roy. Agr. Soc. vol. i. p. 482.) 



The urine of the pig has been examined by 

 Dr. Sprengel (ibid. p. 492) ; he found in 100 

 parts of that of the animal fed on corn offal 



Pr.. 



Water ..... - - 92-6 

 Urea, mucus, albumen, &c. - 5 64 



Common sail, muriate of potash, gypsum, 

 chalk, and glauber salt - 1'76 



100-00 



Such are the principal constituents of the 

 manure from a farm-yard; but of these, most 



