GEORGIA PITCH PINE. 



GERMANY. 



patron of the arts and sciences, from whom 

 my father and myself, during our residence in 

 South Carolina, received multiplied proofs of 

 benevolence and esteem. 



" The Georgia bark is a low tree, dividing 

 itself into numerous branches, and rarely ex- 

 ceeding the height of 25 feet, and the diameter 

 of 5 or 6 inches at the base. A cool and shady 

 exposure appears the most favourable to its 

 growth. Its leaves are opposite, 4 or 5 inches 

 long, of a light green colour, and downy un- 

 derneath, as are also the shoots to which they 

 are attached. The flowers, which are white 

 with longitudinal rose-coloured stripes, are 

 pretty large, and are collected in beautiful 

 panicles at the extremity of the branches. 

 Each flower is accompanied by a floral leaf, 

 bordered with rose-colour near the upper edge. 

 The capsules are round, compressed in the 

 middle, and stored with a great number of 

 small winged seeds. 



"The wood of the Georgia bark is soft, and 

 unfit for use in the arts ; but its inner bark is 

 extremely bitter, and appears to partake of the 

 febrifuge virtues of the cinchona, for the inha- 

 bitants of the southern parts of Georgia employ 

 it successfully in the intermitting fevers which, 

 during the latter part of summer and autumn, 

 prevail in the Southern States. A handful o'f 

 the bark is boiled in a quart of water till the 

 liquid is reduced one-half, and the infusion is 

 administered to the sick. From the properties 

 of its bark the pinckneya has taken the name of 

 Georgia bark. The tree which produces it so 

 nearly resembles the Peruvian vegetable, that 

 some botanists have included them in the same 

 genus." 



GEORGIA PITCH PINE, or long-leaved 

 pine. See Fin. 



GERANIUM. From a Greek word signify- 

 ing a crane, the beaked fruit bearing some 

 resemblance to a crane's bill. The varieties 

 of this genus of beautiful plants cultivated 

 are very numerous, but all are tender. The 

 common scarlet geranium is the hardiest shrub, 

 and the handsomest. It looks beautiful plant- 

 ed in lawns and gardens, and grows extremely 

 bushy and handsome in a fine light soil. Cut- 

 tings strike so readily, that the old shrub may 

 die every fall, and be renewed every summer 

 from the frame. The best plants come from 

 seeds sown in July : the seedlings must be 

 kept warm, but not forced. The scarlet gera- 

 nium thrives well through the winter, if placed 

 in the house,free from damp and stagnant air. It 

 is very ornamental during summer and autumn. 



Sweet's Geraniacetf, and other works on the 

 subject, may be consulted with advantage by 

 those desirous of further information as to the 

 best varieties of geranium, &c. 



The species of geranium family most fre- 

 quently found growing wild in the United States 

 are, 1st. The maculatum, or spotted geranium, 

 known by the common names, crow-foot and 

 spotted crane's bill. It is perennial, and frequents 

 fence-rows, woodlands, and meadows, flower- 

 ing in May and June in Pennsylvania. The ; 

 root is astringent, and has been found service- 1 

 able in the treatment of dysentery, diarrhoea, | 

 and hemorrhage. 2. Carolinian Gentian, not so : 

 common as the former. Three or four addi- 1 

 536 



! tional species are enumerated in the United 

 States. (Darlington's Flor. Cestrica.) 



GERMANDER (Teurhwm). Of this genus 

 of perennial plants there are three wild species 



I common to England. 1. The wood german- 

 der, or wood sage (T. scoroihnia), which is 

 found growing very profusely in heathy, bushy 

 places and woods, on a sandy soil, and flowers 

 in the month of July. The root is creeping; 

 the stem reaches to two feet high, is leafy, 

 hairy, acutely quadrangular. The leaves are 

 deep green, wrinkled, hairy, copiously ser- 

 rated; the flowers are pale yellow, in clusters, 

 terminal, and axillary; corolla pale yellow, 

 middle lobe concave and hairy. The whole 

 plant is glutinous, and has a bitter taste, with 

 an agreeable aromatic scent, much resembling 

 that of hops, for which it is said to be no bad 

 substitute in making beer. It is used in the 

 island of Jersey in brewing. 



2. The water germander (T. scordium} is 

 less common, and grows in low, wet meadows 

 and damp marshy situations, and produces 

 purplish flowers in July and August. The 

 herb is downy;, the leaves are very bitter, and 

 somewhat pungent, with a strong garlic-like 

 odour. The root is creeping ; the stem recum- 

 bent, branching, with obtuse, horny, scarcely 

 serrated sessile leaves, an inch long. Flowers 

 two, from axilla of each leaf. Corolla pale 

 dull purple; middle lobe flattish, with two 

 spots. It is eaten by sheep and goats, but re- 

 fused by horses, hogs, and cows, though the 

 latter will eat it when impelled by hunger; 

 but it spoils the flavour of their milk. 



3. The common wall germander (T. chamce- 

 drys} is found on the borders of cornfields that 

 are remote from houses, or old ruined build- 

 ings and stony banks : it produces crimson or 

 reddish purple flowers, which blow in the 

 month of June or July. Root creeping; stems 

 erect, bushy, leafy, hairy; angles rounded; 

 leaves dark green, tapering, fringed, entire at 

 the base. Flowers have the central lobe 

 rounded, a little concave ; the lateral lobes and 

 the tube hairy. The whole herb is very bitter, 

 with a weak aromatic flavour, and was for- 

 merly used to remove obstructed secretions, to 

 promote expectoration, perspiration, &c. (Eng. 

 Flor. vol. iii. p. 69.) In the United States there 

 is a species of germander called, in the Middle 

 States, Wood Sage (T. Canaderms). The root 

 is perennial, and it frequents fence rows and 

 low shaded grounds. One other species of this 

 plant has been found on the Rocky Mountains. 

 (Flor. Cestrira.) 



GERMANY. The agriculture of a district 

 so extensive as that of Germany, naturally 

 varies with the nature of the climate and the 

 degree of knowledge possessed by the inhabi- 

 tants of the numerous and extensive provinces 

 of which the empire is composed. In the 

 Mecklenburgs, or that portion of Germany 

 bounded by the Baltic on the north, according 

 to Mr. J. S. Carr, " from north to south there is 

 a ridge of elevated sandy land (the same 

 which may be traced from the Bannat in Hun- 

 gary to Jutland in Denmark) varying from 10 

 to 20 miles in breadth, affording miserable 

 crops of corn and worse pasture; but the soil 

 improves on both sides towards the Elbe and 



