MALUS. 



MALU8. 



plied the varieties of this most excellent fruit, 

 that it has now become of great national im- 

 portance, affording an agreeable and whole- 

 some diet, in a thousand shapes, to all classes. 

 Leonard Mascal was the first who introduced 

 the common or cultivated apple into England, 

 about the year 1525. The varieties of the 

 apple are now so numerous that the Horticul- 

 tural Society's catalogue includes more than 

 1400. The apple, like most other hardy trees, 

 may be propagated by seeds, cuttings, suckers, 

 layers, or engrafting ; by seeds for obtaining 

 new varieties, and by the other modes for ex- 

 tending the number of such as are in esteem. 

 In every garden and private orchard, apples 

 for ten different purposes are desirable : 



1. For summer culinary use, the codlings, 

 while not fully grown or imperfectly ripe, are 

 fit for using in June, July, and August. 



2. For summer eating or table use, the jen- 

 neting, pomroy, &c., which ripen in the end of 

 June or in July. Margaret, summer pearmain, 

 &c., (July). Kentish fill-basket, Hawthorn 

 dean, &c. (August). 



3. For autumn baking, the codlings and 

 Burknott's red-streaks, Eve apple, court pen- 

 der, nonsuch, &c., which ripen in September. 

 Piles's russet, Carlisle codling, catsheads, em- 

 broidered, &c. (October). Wormsley pippin, 

 golden Harvey, queening, golden russet (No- 

 vember). 



4. For autumn table use, the Kirton and 

 Dalmahoy pippins, Loan's pearmain, Colville, 

 Kent, Godolphin, &c., which ripen in Septem 

 ber; orange and ribstone pippins, gray rennet, 

 fameuse, violet, &c. (October). Franklin's 

 golden, and Borsdorf pippins, Dredge's russet, 

 margil, &c. (November). 



5. For winter culinary use, the Nimier's 

 dumpling, Burknott, John apple, Mansfield tart 

 &c., which are fit to use in December. Hall- 

 door, royal pearmain, Dutch queening, Aclam's 

 russet (January). Brindgwood pippin, cock 

 agee, tankerton, box-apple (February). 



6. For winter table use, the golden and 

 Kentish pippins, golden and Canadian rennets 

 brandy, &c., which are fit to eat in December 

 The Norfolk storing, Hubbard's Sykehouse 

 white court pender, &c. (January). Dredge's 

 Queen Charlotte, Feams, Skenn's kernel, ant 

 Dalmahoy pippins, royal pearmain, &c. (Feb- 

 ruary). 



7. For spring culinary use, the quince, white 

 Colville, Lord Camden's rennet, winter pear 

 main, which keep till the end of March. Spen 

 cer pippin, Trevoider rennet, Macdonald's 

 Scotch nonpareil, Spaniard, &c. (April). Nor 

 folk paradise, Loan's pearmain, English ren 

 net, &c. (May). 



8. For spring table use, the hollow-eyed 

 Cornwall rennet, Hughes's new golden pippin 

 &c., which will keep till the end of March 

 Cockle and Whitmore pippins, golden an 

 Piles's russet, Wheeler's extreme, &c. (April) 

 Stone and Spencer pippins, Royal George 

 Ward, &c. (May). 



9. For summer culinary use, till the appl 

 season returns, the Lord Cheney's green, Bax 

 ter's pearmain, stoup codling, &c., which wi 

 keep till the end of June. Norfolk beaufin 

 Norfolk storing, French crab (July). 



760 



10. For summer table use, till the apple sea- 

 on returns, the Dredge's fame, oaken peg, 

 arnation, &c., which keep till the end of June. 

 Vonpareil, Yorkshire greening, Norfolk Col- 

 man, which keep till the end of July. 



Although the apple flourishes in every part 

 f the United States, if we except the extreme 

 outhern portions, the fall and winter varieties 

 ommonly come to the greatest perfection in 

 he Northern States and northern portions of 

 be Middle States, where this fruit constitutes 

 i very profitable resource to the farmer, both 

 or the home markets and exportation to the 

 Southern States, the West Indies, and Europe, 

 nd even to Asia. Good judges assert that the 

 ipples of England and France are not to be 

 ompared, for excellence of flavour, to those 

 Toduced in the United States. 



The following directions for the culture and 

 ubsequent management of apple trees, is from 

 he valuable manual published in 1842 by Wil- 

 iam Kenrick, nurseryman, near Boston. 



The seeds or pomace of the apple should be 



own in autumn in a rich soil. When the 



r oung plants appear in spring, they should be 



carefully thinned to the distance of 2 inches 



asunder, and kept free from weeds by carefully 



loeing during the remainder of the season, or 



ill of sufficient size to be removed. 



At 1 or 2 years of age they are taken up, 

 heir tap-roots shortened, that they may throw 

 out lateral roots ; they are transferred to the 

 nursery, set in rows about 4 feet asunder, and 

 at 1 foot distance from each other in the row, 

 n a rich and loamy soil. In the summer fol- 

 owing they are inoculated, or they are en- 

 grafted or inoculated the year following. 



Size and age for transplanting to the orchard.' 

 An apple tree, when finally transplanted to the 

 orchard, ought to be at least 6 or 7 feet high, 

 with branches in proportion, and full 2 years 

 from the bud or graft, and thrifty. Apple trees 

 under this size belong properly only to the 

 nursery. 



Distance. The distance asunder to which 

 apple trees should be finally set, when trans- 

 planted to the orchard, depends upon the nature 

 of the soil, and the cultivation to be subse- 

 quently given. If the soil is by nature extremely 

 fertile, 40 feet distance may be allowed, and 

 even 45 and 50 feet in some very extraordinary 

 situations ; for before the trees become old, 

 they will completely shade the ground. If, 

 however, the soil is not very extraordinary by 

 nature, or so rendered by art, this distance 

 would be too great ; for the trees would become 

 old, and their growth would be finished, before 

 the ground could be covered by their shadow : 

 30 feet only may therefore be allowed in land 

 usually denominated of good quality, and but 

 20 to 25 feet in land of ordinary quality. But 

 where economy of time, of land, and of all 

 things else is consulted, but one-half this dis- 

 tance will answer for a series of years. 



The quincunx mode is recommended for 

 close arrangement, and short-lived trees may 

 be set in the intervals. 



The size to which an apple tree may attain, 

 and the ground which should be allotted to it, 

 depend also, in some measure, on the particu- 

 lar variety of apple ; some sorts being well 



