SWINE'S CRESS. 



TANK. 



the feeding of swine, if these substances 

 are chopped and boiled they will not refuse 

 them. 



Moist, succulent, green food, such as clover, 

 tares, lucern, sainfoin, buckwheat, succory or 

 chiccory, cabbage, lettuce, &c.,is more suited to 

 their taste. Every kind of farinaceous sub- 

 stance, such as oat-meal, barley-meal, bran, 

 maize, millet, pease or beans bruised, and in- 

 deed the seeds of all gramineous and legu- 

 minous plants, are the most fattening sub- 

 stances that can be given to them. They will 

 feed greedily, and thrive surprisingly, on most 

 kinds of roots and tubers, such as carrots, tur- 

 nips, beets, potatoes, the Jerusalem artichoke, 

 &c., particularly when prepared by boiling. It 

 may be taken as a general rule, that boiled or 

 prepared food is more nutritious and fattening 

 than raw or cold food ; the additional expense 

 and labour will be more than compensated by 

 the increased weight and quality. Thus cab- 

 bage, turnip and potato tops, the husks of peas 

 and beans, and even many green weeds, such 

 as nettles and thistles, fatten ; and others, void 

 of poisonous qualities, will be found very fat- 

 tening if boiled and mixed with other food, and 

 given, as most food should be, lukewarm. The 

 refuse of the kitchen, garden, and dairy, the 

 grains and wash or liquid refuse of breweries, 

 distilleries, and sugar manufactories, where 

 they can be obtained, the sweepings of barns 

 and granaries, will all be found exceedingly 

 fattening. Animal substances, particularly 

 fish, should, however, be seldom or never 

 given as food, since they will necessarily im- 

 part a strong and disagreeable flavour to the 

 meat. A little salt should be generally added 

 to all their victuals, which will create thirst, 

 and induce the animals to consume a greater 

 quantity of food. Fermented wash is found to 

 fatten swine much quicker than fresh food. 



Ringing. The practice of Dinging swine, 

 which was usually performed at the time of 

 weaning, is growing into disuse, and the ring- 

 ing is not advisable, inasmuch as it not only 

 proves painful to the animal, but troublesome 

 to the owner; for it frequently happens that 

 the ring breaks, or is worn out ; the cartilage 

 gives way, and the ring has to be as often 

 replaced by a fresh operation. A more pre- 

 ferable and lasting process is now adopted, 

 which consists in either cutting the two strong 

 tendons of the snout (the cartilaginous and 

 ligamentous prolongations) about an inch and 

 a half from the nose, by a slight incision with 

 a sharp knife, or else to shave or pare off the 

 gristle on the top of the nose, which may be 

 done without prejudice to the animal, when 

 about two or three months old. The place heals 

 over in a short time, and the animals are thus 

 prevented from grubbing or tearing up the 

 ground. (Prize Essay on Sivine, by P. L. Sim- 

 monds ; Wilson " On the Hog," Quart. Jour, of 

 J$gr. vol. iii. p. 38; Low's Illustrations of the 

 Breeds of Dom. Jlnimals.} 

 ' SWINE'S CRESS. See WHIT-CHESS. 



SWINGLE-TREE. See PLOUGH. 



SWING PLOUGH. See PLOUGH. 



SYCAMORE. See BUTTOSWOOII. 



SYTHE. SeeScTTHE. 



T. 



TACAMAHACA. See POPLAR. 



TAG. A term applied to a young sheep of 

 the first year. See SHEEP. 



TALLOW (Germ. <a/g). The fat obtained 

 by melting the suet of the ox and sheep, and 

 straining it so as to free it from membrane. 

 When pure, it is white, tasteless, and nearly 

 insipid; but the tallow of commerce has 

 usually a yellow tinge, and is divided, accord- 

 ing to the degree of its purity and consistence, 

 into candle and soap tallow. Tallow consists 

 of stearine, eluine, margarin, and traces of 

 hircin. According to Chevreul, its ultimate 

 components are 78-996 of carbon 4* 1 1-708 of 

 hydrogen -f 0-304 of oxygen in 100 parts. It 

 is used in medicine as an emollient and a 

 demulcent. Tallow is an article of great im- 

 portance. It is manufactured into candles and 

 soap, and is extensively employed in the dress- 

 ing of leather and in various processes of the 

 arts. Besides the supplies of native tallow, a 

 very large quantity is annually imported into 

 England, principally from Russia. The exports 

 of tallow from Petersburg amount, at an ave- 

 rage, to between 3,500,000 to 4,000,000 poods, 

 of which the largest portion by far is brought 

 to England. (M'Cu,lloctft Com. Diet.) 



TAMARISK (Trtmarix). This is a genus of 

 very elegant shrubs. The hardy indigenous 

 species, or French tamarisk (S. Gallica),is well 

 suited for ornamenting shrubberies : it will 

 grow in any soil or situation, and is freely in- 

 .creased by cuttings planted in the open ground, 

 in spring or autumn. Sheep feed greedily on 

 this species for the sake of its salt taste. The 

 stem is slender, with abundance of long, droop- 

 ing, smooth, red, shining branches. Leaves 

 minute, lanceolate deciduous, spurred, acute. 

 Lateral cylindrical clusters of numerous, nearly 

 sessile, reddish or white bracteated flowers, 

 without scent. 



TANK. In gardening, a cistern or reservoir 

 made of stone, timber, or some other material. 

 Tanks are used for collecting and preserving 

 water during a scarcity or drought. They are 

 sometimes built in the ground, and lined with 

 lead or cement. Where wells cannot be sunk, 

 and water is scarce at some seasons, tanks 

 are necessary appendages to a house. 



A tank, 12 feet by 7 feet, has been found 

 sufficient to supply with water a large family 

 and 6 horses : this was surrounded by only 4 

 inch brick-work, resting solid against the sides, 

 in consequence of being, like a decanter, 

 smaller at the bottom than higher up; and the 

 <lome is constructed on the Egyptian plan, by 

 projecting horizontally each row of materials 

 one-third of their length beyond those below, 

 by filling up the back with earth as it pro- 

 ceeded, to balance the weight of this projecting 

 masonry. 



At the Eastbourne work-house for 14 parishes, 

 a tank has been made 23 feet deep by 11 wide, 

 of the roughest materials, being only flint 

 stones, and though they require more mortar 

 than if they had been regularly shaped, only 

 90 bushels of lime were allowed, including 2 



1031 



