WAY, PRIVATE RIGHT OF. 



WAY, PRIVATE RIGHT OF. This may 

 arise either from grant or by prescription and 

 usage from time immemorial, for this is in law 

 supposed to arise from a grant. According to 

 English common law, a right of way may be 

 to a particular person to go over the grantor's 

 land to church, to market, or to any particular 

 close. Such a special -permission is, however, 

 to be construed strictly : the grantee cannot, 

 under such a grant, justify going beyond the 

 place specified in the grant ; nor can he take 

 any other person with him ; neither can he as- 

 sign over this right, it dies w.ith him. And a 

 grant for agricultural purposes does not au- 

 thorize the grantee to use the road for cora.- 

 mercial or general purposes ; neither does a 

 prescriptive right of way for all kind of car- 

 riages, prove a right of way for all manner of 

 cattle. If a grantor convey a piece of ground 

 in the middle of his own land, the law will 

 presume that he also granted a -way to it. 

 41 When," said Lord Kenyon, in this case, 

 " they made the conveyance, it mast be. taken 

 for granted that they intended to convey some 

 beneficial interest ; but he can derive no bene- 

 fit whatever from the grant unless he has a 

 right of way to the land." 'But if by purchas- 

 ing other land, or new circumstances after- 

 wards arise by which he can approach the 

 public road, th,en the right of way ceases with 

 the necessity. And if a private way is granted, 

 that does not justify a person for going over 

 the land by the side of it, even if the road is 

 overflown with water from an adjoining river. 

 Lord Ellenborough, C. J., said, in this case, "It 

 is a thing founded in grant, and the grantor of 

 a private way does not grant a liberty to break 

 out of it at random over the whole surface of 

 his close." 



By the 2 & 3 W. 4, c. 71, it is enacted, that 

 in all claims for right of way by prescription, 

 where it has been enjoyed for 20 years, such 

 right shall only be defeated or destroyed by 

 showing that such .right was first expired -at 

 any time previous to such 20 years ; and where 

 it has been enjoyed for full 40 years, the right 

 shall be absolute and indefeasible, unless it 

 shall appear that the same was enjoyed by 

 some consent or agreement by deed or writing. 



WEANING. The means employed to re- 

 concile a young animal to the loss of its mo- 

 ther's milk, and habituate it to take common 

 food. Under the h'ead FOAL we have already 

 given directions for their management during 

 and after weaning. The process of weaning 

 calves is variously managed by different far- 

 mers. When not let run with the cow, the 

 most advisable mode, as it regards the calf, is 

 to place it loose in a crib, and to suckle it by 

 hand with the mother's new milk, of which it 

 will consume for some time not more than 

 about four quarts per day : Ihe quantity, how- 

 ever, must then be gradually increased, as it 

 will, in the course of a few weeks/require as 

 much as three gallons. If the weather be fine, 

 it should be, within a fortnight or three weeks, 

 turned out daily in the orchard, or some well- 

 sheltered enclosure of sweet herbage; and x as 

 it will in the course of 10 or 12 weeks have 

 acquired some relish for the pasture, it may be 

 regularly weaned by gradually diminishing the ' 

 1098 



WEATHER. 



quantity of .milk, and then substituting the 

 skimmed for the new. Calves may, however, 

 be reared with skimmed milk and meal, with- 

 out any portion of new milk, except the first 

 few days' biestings, and many persons give 

 them nothing but water-gruel and hay-tea with- 

 in a fortnight after they have been removed 

 from the cow. Sago and linseed jelly are also 

 very nutritious, and calves may be weaned on 

 them without any other food. (British JHttsb. 

 vol. ii. p. 441.) 



The time of weaning lambs differs -mate- 

 rially, according to the locality of the farms 

 and the quality of the pasture. Four months 

 old is about the period usually selected. 



The lambs should be turned into somewhat 

 better pasture than that to which they had been 

 accustomed, in order to compensate for the loss 

 of the mother's milk. Many farmers are very 

 fanciful as to the provision for the weaned 

 lambs. The clover or the sainfoin, or the 

 aftermath, are selected by some ; others put 

 their smaller and more weakly lambs to weed 

 the turnip crops ; but there can be nothing 

 more desirable than a fresh pasture, not too 

 luxuriant, and yet sufficient to maintain and 

 increase their condition. (Youatt on Sheep, p. 

 516.) For directions as to weaning pigs, see 

 SWINE. 



WEASEL-SNOUT (Galeobdolonluteum). The 

 weasel-snout, yellow archangel, or dead nettle, 

 is a pretty, indigenous, perennial plant, found 

 abundantly in most parts of England,in marshy, 

 shady places. The root is somewhat tuberous, 

 moderately creeping. The stems are 18 inches 

 high, simple, leafy, covered with close deflexed 

 hairs. Leaves stalked, ovate, acute, serrated, 

 slightly hairy, bright green, various in breadth. 

 Whorls numerous, each composed' of many 

 large, handsome, inodorous yellow flowers, 

 whose lower lip is spotted with red, the middle 

 segment stained with orange-colour. The 

 flowers afford to bees an abundant supply of 

 honey. 



WEATHER (Sax.). A term applied to de- 

 note the state or disposition of the atmosphere, 

 with regard to heat and cold, drought and 

 moisture, fog, fair or foul, wind, rain, hail, 

 frost, snow, &c. 



A knowledge of this is of vast importance 

 to the farmer^ as the securing of his produce 

 in a perfect manner greatly depends upon it; 

 and as it is in and by means of the atmosphere 

 that plants are nourished, and animals live 

 and breathe, any alteration in its density, heat, 

 purity, &c., must, of course, necessarily be 

 attended with proportionable effects on orga- 

 nization. 



The great but regular alterations a little 

 change of weather makes in many parts of 

 inanimate matter is fully shown in the com- 

 mon instances of barometers, thermometers, 

 hygrometers, &c.; and it is owing partly to 

 our inattention, and partly to other causes, that 

 man, like other animals, does not feel as great 

 and as regular ones in the tubes, chords, and 

 fibres of his own body. 



In order fully to establish a proper theory 

 of the weather, it would be necessary to have 

 registers carefully kept in different parts of the 

 globe for a long series of years, whence we 



