WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 



WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 



A cubic ft. of lead, 

 " platina, 

 " " copper, 



cork, 

 " tallow, 



oak, 



" brick, 

 " air, 



weighs 709-5 Ibs. ' 

 1,218-75 

 486-75 

 15 

 59 



73-15 

 125 



0753 



The American quintal is 100 Ibs. The ton 

 2240 Ibs. 



The weight of a cubic inch of distilled wa- 

 ter, in a vacuum, is 252-722 grains, and in air, 

 is 252-458 grains. 



The Turkish pound is 7578 grains ; the 

 Danish, 6941 ; the Irish, 7774; the Neapolitan, 

 4952 ; the Scotch pound Troy, 7620-8. 



The imperial gallon contains 10 Ibs. avoir- 

 dupois of distilled water, weighed in air at 62, 

 with the barometer at 30 inches. Two gallons 

 are equal to a peck, 8 gallons to a bushel, 

 and 8 bushels to a quarter. 



Heaped measure, per bushel, is 2815$ cubic 

 inches clear. 



The Winchester bushel is 18 inches in dia- 

 meter, and 8 inches deep, containing 2154-42 

 cubic inches. 



1000 ounces of rain-water are equal to about 

 7 gallons wine measure, or to a cubic foot. 



Seven Ibs. avoirdupois is a gallon of flour. 



A chaldron of coals is 58$ cubic feet. 



Twelve wine gallons of distilled water weigh 

 100 Ibs. avoirdupois. 



The imperial dry bushel, when not heaped, 

 is 2218-192 cubic inches; the peck, 554;548; 

 gallon, 277-274, and quart, 69-3185. The bu- 

 shel is 8 inches deep, and 18-8 wide, with a 

 heap 6 inches high. 



A bushel of wheat is 60 Ibs.; rye, 53 Ibs.; 

 barley, 47 Ibs. ; oats, 38 ; peas, 64 ; beans, 63 ; 

 clover-seed, 68 ; rape, 48 Ibs. 



A Scotch pint is equal to 4 English pints. 



A Scotch quart is 208-6 cubic inches. 



There are 545,267,000 cubic yards in a cu- 

 bic mile. 



According to usage in Philadelphia and other 

 parts of the United States, building-stone, when 

 piled, or " perched," as it is usually termed, is 

 measured by allowing 25 cubic feet to the 

 perch. But when placed in the wall, only 22 

 feet are allowed to the perch. In measuring 

 stone wall, 14 inches of thickness is usually 

 allowed. When the thickness of the wall ex- 

 ceeds 14 inches, the extra thickness is estimated 

 and made an additional charge. This is the 

 common rule when the walls have only one 

 face. In double-faced walls, there is common- 

 ly an allowance of about one-third more. Three 

 pecks of good lime will generally suffice to lay 

 one perch of stone wall. About 2 one-horse 

 loads of sand are allowed to make mortar for 

 3 perches of stone wall. 



To convert cubic feet into perches, divide 

 by 25; or, what is still more easy, multiply 

 by -04. 



In brick-work, 14 bricks are usually allowed 

 to the cubic foot: sometimes only 13 are al- 

 lowed. To convert cubic feet into cubic yards, 

 divide by 3, and the product by 9. 



Lumber Measure. In estimating the number 

 of feet in a board, the length in feet is to be 

 multiplied by the width in inches, and the re- 

 140 



suit, divided by 12, shows the contents in feek 

 When boards are more than 1 inch thick, all 

 over is added. A board 12 feet long and 1 

 inch thick, would of course be estimated to 

 contain one-fourth more than a board only 1 

 inch thick. 



A bill passed by the legislature of Pennsyl- 

 vania, in 1833, for the regulation of weights and 

 measures in the state, provides for procuring 

 and preserving standards, which are to con- 

 form to those of the United States, when esta- 

 blished ; the linear standard to be the yard, with 

 the customary multiples allowed. 



Superficial Measure. Acre defined to be 4840 

 sq. yards. 



Capacity Measures. Wine gallon 231 cubic 

 inches. Beer gallon 282 cubic inches. Bushel 

 2150-42 cubic inches. Lime bushel 13 inches 

 diameter at bottom, 15 inches at top, and 13-47 

 inches deep. A cord of wood to contain 128 

 cubic feet. A hogshead of cider 110 wine 

 gallons. 



Weights. Troy pound to be equal to that of 

 the United States mint, and the avoirdupois 

 pound to bear to it the ratio of 7000 to 576 



60 Ibs. of wheat to pass for a bushel. 



58 rye. 



58 corn. 



48 buckwheat. 



47 _ barley. 



32 oats. 



85 coarse salt (foreign). 



70 ground salt. 



62 fine. 



80 anthracite coal, 112 Ibs. to make 1 

 cwt., and 2240 Ibs. = 1 ton. 



If the square of the diameter of a circle be 

 multiplied by -7854, the product is the area. 

 If the diameter of a sphere be cubed and mul- 

 tiplied by -6236, the product is the solidity ; and 

 the square of the diameter, multiplied by 

 3-14159, is the surface of the sphere. 



To find the contents of a cask, add double 

 the square of the bung diameter to the square 

 of the head diameter, and multiply this sum by 

 the head of the cask ; then divide the product 

 by 1077 for ale gallons of 280 cubic inches 

 each, or by 882 for wine gallons of 231 cubio 

 inches each. 



Method of ascertaining the Weight of Cattle 

 while living. This is of the utmost utility for 

 all those who are not experienced judges by 

 the eye, and, by the following directions, the 

 weight can be ascertained within a mere trifle; 

 Under the head CATTLE we have already given: 

 a useful table on this subject; but the annexed 

 rules will be found of service. Take a string, 

 put it round the beast, standing square, just 

 behind the shoulder-blade; measure on a foot- 

 rule the feet and inches the animal is in cir- 

 cumference, this is called the girth ; then with 

 the string measure from the bone of the tail,, 

 which plumbs the line with the hinder part of 

 the buttock ; direct the line along the back ta 

 the fore-part of the shoulder-blade ; take the- 

 dimensions of the foot-rule, as before, which ia 

 the length, and work the figures in the follow- 

 ing manner ; Girth of the bullock, 6 feet 4 

 inches ; length, 5 feet 3 inches ; which, multi- 

 plied together, make 31 square superficial feet; 

 that again, multiplied by 23 (the number of 



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