CONTENTS. vii 



CHAPTER PAGE 



XIX. DUTY OF THE MEMBERSHIP 327 



By COLONEL R. J. SLEDGE, Kyle, Texas. 



XX. THE DUTY OF A REFORMER 331 



By JOHN M. POTTER, Secretary Michigan State Alliance, and Editor 

 of Alliance Sentinel, Lansing, Michigan. 



XXI. THE SUB-TREASURY PLAN 336 



By HON. HARRY TRACY, Lecturer National Farmers' Alliance and 

 Industrial Union, Editor of Southern Mercury, Dallas, Texas. 



XXII. BUSINESS EFFORTS OF THE ALLIANCE 355 



Trade Committees in Texas ; The Farmers' Alliance Exchange ; Plan 

 and Mortgage Obligation ; Alliance and Rochdale Systems compared. 



DIVISION III. 

 AGRICULTURE. 



I. HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE 371 



Agriculture antedates All Other Industries ; Agriculture in Egypt, among 

 the Jews, Greeks, and Romans ; Writings of Pliny, Cato, Columella, 

 Palladius, and Varro ; Agricultural Implements. 



II. HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE continued 399 



Agricultural Operations ; Watering and Drainage ; Trees, Fruits and 

 Plants ; Roman Agriculture and Science and Art ; Decline among 

 Romans. 



III. AGRICULTURE DURING THE MIDDLE AGES 417 



In Italy, France, Germany and Other Northern States, Britain; Intro- 

 duction of Potatoes into Europe ; Cromwell's Army in Scotland ; 

 Works on Agriculture. 



IV. HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE IN THE UNITED STATES 444 



Agriculture of the Indians; Spanish Colonial Agriculture; Puritan 

 English Colonists ; Cavalier English Colonists ; French Colonists ; 

 Revolutionary Period ; Various Tables. 



V. THE FARM AND FARM BUILDINGS 477 



How to choose a Farm ; Fences ; Farm Buildings ; Farm Roads ; 

 Underdraining. 



VI. LIVE-STOCK 498 



Number of Cattle per One Thousand of Population ; Value of Cattle, 

 Beef Products, Hogs, and Sheep ; Our Export Trade. 



VII. FRUITS 511 



Planting; Cultivation; Apples in the Nursery Row; The Apple 

 Orchard ; Small Fruits. 



VIII. FERTILIZERS 526 



By M. G. ELLZEY, M.D. Scientific Fertilization; Fallow Crops; 

 Organic Matter in the Soil ; Preservation of Manure ; Valueless Tests 

 of Fertilizers; Commercial Manures. 



IX. HISTORY OF GRASSES, GRAINS, AND PLANTS 550 



Grasses Three Thousand Feet above Sea- Level; Grasses for General 

 Culture; History of Grass Culture; Selection of Grasses; Time and 

 Manner of Seeding ; Various Grasses. 



