454 AGRICULTURE. 



the other, is the well-thumbed Bible, which was not left for show. 

 "Our especial desire is," say the company's instructions, "that 

 you take especial care in settling these families that the chief 

 in the family be grounded in religion, whereby morning and 

 evening family duties may be duly performed, and a watchful 

 eye held over all in each family by one or more in each family 

 appointed thereto, that so disorders may be prevented, and ill 

 weeds nipt before they take too great a head." 



The fare of the Puritan farmers was as frugal as it was whole- 

 some : Pease porridge for breakfast ; bread, cheese, and beer or 

 cider for luncheon; a "boiled dish," or "black broth," or salt 

 fish, or broiled pork, or baked beans, for dinner ; hasty pudding 

 and milk for supper, and a constant succession of fruit or berry 

 pies at every meal, when the housewife had time to make them 

 in addition to her other cooking, her dairy, washing, mending, 

 carding, spinning, weaving, and knitting. Swedish turnips 

 were the staple vegetable. The bread was generally made of 

 corn, barley, or rye meal, and if the diet was rather farinaceous 

 than animal, there was less demand for medicine, and a larger, 

 longer-lived growth of men and women than in these degenerate 

 days of luxury and "progress." 



The Cavalier English Colonies. The tide-water regions of 

 Maryland and Virginia, and the Carolinas, were originally settled 

 by the cavalier aristocracy of England, with their servants and 

 their slaves. Next came the Scotch merchants and mechanics, 

 a moral, industrious, and honest race, who located themselves 

 in the towns. Afterwards there was an immigration of French 

 Huguenots, of high character and attainments ; and in later 

 years, the unsuccessful rebellions of the elder and younger Pre- 

 tenders forced large numbers of Scotch Jacobins to seek new 

 homes on the Western Continent. Many indentured white ser- 

 vants, and some transported convicts, were also sent over from 

 England ; but after a generation or so all of these became 

 blended into a homogeneous race of "cavaliers"; aristocratic, 

 because they had an inferior race beneath them. 



An idea of the immigration by which Virginia, the mother of 

 the South Atlantic States, was colonized, may be formed from 

 the response of Governor Sir William Berkeley to one of the 

 many interrogatories propounded to him by the British Lords 



